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ABSN > NUR 325 exam 2 > Flashcards

NUR 325 exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cholinesterase inhibitor

A

donepezil

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2
Q

donepezil moa

A

-inhibits acetylcholinesterase in brain
-increases acetylcholine

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3
Q

donepezil indication

A

mild-moderate alzhiemers

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4
Q

NMDA receptor agonist

A

memantine

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5
Q

memantine agonist moa

A

blocks stimulation of NMDA receptors

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6
Q

memantine indication

A

moderate-severe alzhiemers

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7
Q

memantine se

A

constipation (give with stool softener)

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8
Q

centrally acting analgesic

A

tramadol

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9
Q

tramadol moa

A

-binds to mu opioid receptors
-inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

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10
Q

tramadol indication

A

moderate-severe pain

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11
Q

gabapentin, pregabin class

A

anticonvulsants

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12
Q

gabapentin moa

A

-unknown
-suppresses neural firing

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13
Q

gabapentin indication

A

neuropathic pain

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14
Q

gabapentin side effects

A

drowsy, dizzy, visual problems

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15
Q

gabapentin ceiling effect

A

1800mg

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16
Q

acetaminophen moa

A

-unknown
-decrease prostaglandin synthesis in cns

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17
Q

acetaminophen indication

A

mild-moderate pain, fever

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18
Q

acetaminophen overdose

A

hepatic necrosis, liver failure, nephropathy

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19
Q

acetaminophen ceiling effect

A

1000mg

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20
Q

acetaminophen dosing

A

4g/24hr max in adults
2mg/24hr max in alcoholics

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21
Q

non-selective cox inhibitors

A

ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, aspirin

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22
Q

nonselective cox inhibitor moa

A

block cox1 and cox2

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23
Q

cox1

A

protect gastric mucosa and thromboxane synthesis

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24
Q

cox2

A

inflammation and fever

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25
Q

nonselective cox inhibitor indication

A

mild-moderate pain, fever

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26
Q

nonselective cox inhibitor bbw

A

cardiovascular and gi risk

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27
Q

naproxen nursing consideration

A

-hard on kidneys
-lasts longer

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28
Q

ketorolac nursing considerations

A

-most potent nsaid
-used for <5days
-hard on kidneys

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29
Q

aspirin toxicities

A

salicylate poisoning, Reye’s syndrome

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30
Q

salicylate poisoning

A

-nausea, vomiting, seizures, cerebral edema
-tinnitus, hearing loss

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31
Q

reye’s syndrome

A

-severe brain and kidney damage
-high mortality rate
-do NOT give children <15yo aspirin

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32
Q

aspirin moa

A

-blocks cox1
-stops thromboxane synthesis
-stops platelet aggregation

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33
Q

cox2 selective nsaid

A

celecoxib

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34
Q

celecoxib indication

A

mild-moderate pain, inflammation

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35
Q

celecoxib side effects

A

cardiovascular thrombotic events (clotting)

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36
Q

all opioids are…

A

high alert drugs

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37
Q

assess before administering opioids

A

LOC, BP, pulse, RR before and periodically after admin (initial drowsiness expected, but watch for hypoventilation)

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38
Q

opioid nursing consideration

A

-impaired ability to drive
-proactively treat constipation (paralytic ileus)
-make sure patient is ok with opioids

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39
Q

morphine moa

A

-mimics endogenous opioids
-binds to mu receptors

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40
Q

morphine indication

A

moderate-severe pain

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41
Q

morphine side effects

A

-interacts with alcohol and cns depressants
-resp depression
-cns depression
-constipation

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42
Q

hydromorphone moa

A

-mimics endogenous opioids
-binds to mu receptors

43
Q

hydromorphone indication

A

SEVERE pain

44
Q

fentanyl considerations

A

-completely synthetic
-often transdermal patch

45
Q

fentanyl indications

A

moderate-severe pain (surgical inductions, chronic pain)

46
Q

merperidine indication

A

-moderate-severe pain
-weaker than morphine
-less resp depression

47
Q

meperidine side effects

A

-lots of drug interactions
-do NOT give multiple doses

48
Q

codeine indication

A

-mild-moderate pain
-antitussive

49
Q

codeine nursing considerations

A

-NOT for children <18yo
-life threatening breathing problems

50
Q

oxycodone considerations

A

HIGH potential for abuse

51
Q

percocet

A

oxycodone and acetaminophen

52
Q

oxycontin

A

time release oxycodone

53
Q

oxycodone indication

A

moderate-severe pain (10x more potent than codeine)

54
Q

hydrocodeine indications

A

-mild-moderate pain (6x more potent than codeine)
-cough suppressant

55
Q

methadone indication

A

detox treatment for opioid addiction

56
Q

naloxone class

A

opioid antagonist

57
Q

naloxone moa

A

clogs, but does not activate, opioid receptors

58
Q

naloxone indications

A

reverse effects of opioids

59
Q

aed moa

A
  1. increases threshold of activity in motor cortex
  2. limit spread from origin
  3. decrease speed of impulse in neuron
60
Q

aed bbw

A

increases suicidal ideation and mood changes

61
Q

aed side effects

A

teratogen, dizzy, drowsy, gi upset

62
Q

aed nursing considerations

A

-do NOT stop abruptly (will cause seizures)
-continued therapeutic monitoring
-started after MULTIPLE seizures

63
Q

hydantoins

64
Q

phenytoin indications

A

tonic-clonic and focal seizures

65
Q

phenytoin side effects

A

-gingival hyperplasia
-hirsutism, osteoporosis
-dilantin facies

66
Q

phenytoin nursing considerations

A

-highly protein bound, interacts with other drugs
-watch albumin and pre albumin levels

67
Q

valpronic acid indications

A

generalized and partial seizures

68
Q

valpronic acid contraindications

A

liver disease, urea cycle disorders

69
Q

valpronic acid side effects

A

hepatoxicity, pancreatitis

70
Q

valpronic acid nursing considerations

A

-highly protein bound, interacts with other drugs
-watch albumin and pre albumin levels

71
Q

topiramate indications

A

partial and secondary generalized seizures

72
Q

topiramate side effects

A

-cns depression
-gi upset
-glaucoma

73
Q

topiramate nursing considerations

A

interacts with oral contraceptives

74
Q

levetiracetam indications

A

-inpatient setting
-partial seizures with or without generalization

75
Q

sulfonylureas

A

glipizide, glyburide

76
Q

sulfonylureas moa

A

-close KATP channels in pancreatic beta cells
-increase insulin production
-decrease glucose release

77
Q

sulfonylureas side effects

A

hypoglycemia

78
Q

sulfonylurea nursing considerations

A

NOT during pregnancy

79
Q

biguanides

80
Q

metformin moa

A

-decrease production of glucose in liver
-increase glucose uptake by muscle

81
Q

metformin side effects

A

acidosis, not for elevated ALT

82
Q

metformin nursing considerations

A

hold for 48 hr after IV contrast

83
Q

DPP4 inhibitors

A

linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin

84
Q

DDP 4 inhibitor moa

A

-inhibits DPP4
-increases insulin release
-decreases glucose absorption
-slows digestion

85
Q

DPP4 side effects

A

increased risk of pancreatitis

86
Q

GLP1 receptor agonist

A

dulaglutide, exenatide, semaglutide

87
Q

GLP1 moa

A

-increase glucose dependent insulin response
-slows gastric emptying

88
Q

GLP1 bbw

A

thyroid and renal issues

89
Q

SLGT2 inhibitors

A

dapaglifloxin

90
Q

dapaglifloxin moa

A

prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into blood

91
Q

dapaglifloxin side effects

92
Q

glucagon moa

A

-activates glucagon receptors
-releases glucose from liver

93
Q

glucagon indications

A

hypoglycemia

94
Q

orlistat moa

A

-blocks pancreatic and gastric enzymes
-stops fat absorption

95
Q

orlistat bbw

A

liver injury

96
Q

orlistat side effects

A

gi problems and vitamin insufficiency

97
Q

insulin lispro

A

rapid
onset: 15 min
peak: 1 hr
duration: 2-4 hr

98
Q

insulin regular

A

short acting
onset: 30 min
peak: 2-4 hr
duration: 3-8 hr

99
Q

NHP insulin

A

intermediate
onset: 2-4 hrs
peak: 4-10 hr
duration: 10-20 hr

100
Q

glargine

A

long acting
onset: 70 min
peak: none
duration: all day

101
Q

lipodystrophy and lipoatrophy

A

depression of skin at insulin injection site

102
Q

somogyi effect

A

-overdose of insulin
-counterregulates hypoglycemia with hyperglycemia and ketosis
-usually from poor diabetes management

103
Q

dawn phenomenon

A

-hyperglycemia in the morning
-due to natural hormonal release

ABSN (7 decks)

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