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NUR 112 > NUR 112 Exam 1 > Flashcards

NUR 112 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) Direct IV
dilute? With what?
Rate in mg/min

A

administer UNdiluted

20mg/min

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2
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) Direct IV
dilute? With what?
Rate in mg/min

A 
Dilute 
with equivalent amount of:
1. sterile H2O for injection
2. D5W
3. 0.9% NS for injection
2 mg/min
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3
Q

Morphine Direct IV
dilute? With what? (Davis differs from hospital protocols)
Rate in mg/min

A 
Davis: Dilute with at least 5 mL of:
1. 0.9% NS for injection
2. Sterile H2O for injection
 Hospital Protocol:administer UNdiluted
2.5 - 15 mg over 5 min
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4
Q

What does ANP do with regard to Na+, H2O?

A

promotes excretion of Na+

H2O follows Na+ so H2O removed from body

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5
Q

What is effect of ANP on Blood Volume and BP?

A

decrease BV

decrease BP

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6
Q

Functions of aldosterone
1. Na+
2.K+
Produced in response to 1. 2. 3. 4.

A
  1. Na+ retained
  2. K+ excreted
  3. decreased renal perfusion (BV) sensed by kidney
  4. dec Na+ sensed by kidney
  5. inc. plasma K+
  6. Dec plasma Na+
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7
Q

ADH

  1. made in the _____________?
  2. stored in the _______________?
  3. Released in response to (2 bio) (2 drugs)?
  4. Function______________
A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. Post. pituitary
    3 low plasma osmolality, stress, nicotine, morphine.
  3. causes kidneys to reabsorb H2O
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8
Q
  1. What is SIADH?
  2. state 2 causes
  3. what happens in body?
  4. Result of SIADH on: plasma osmolality?
  5. Urine production?
  6. Urine osmolality?
A
  1. syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone release.
  2. Brain injury, small cell lung cancer
  3. too much ADH = H2O RETENTION
  4. Decrease
  5. Decrease
  6. Increase
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9
Q

Reduction in ADH leads to which metabolic disorder?

list 2 main s/s

A

Diabetes insipidus
polyuria
polydipsia (thirst)

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10
Q

What is: 1. first spacing?

  1. second spacing?
  2. third spacing?
  3. eg of 3rd spacing
A
  1. normal distribution of ECF/ICF
  2. abnormal accumulation of IF (edema)
  3. fluid is trapped and unavailable for functional use. Fluid accumulates in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF.
  4. ascites (many others…)
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11
Q

Main cation in ECF?

Main anion in ECF?

A

Na+

Cl-

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12
Q

Main cation in ICF?

Main anion in ICF?

A

K+

PO4 3-

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13
Q

Other cations found in ECF & ICF in small amounts

A

Ca2+, Mg2+

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14
Q

Other anions found in ICF (2)

A

Protein, HCO3-

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15
Q

Other anions found in ECF (4)

A

protein, HCO3-, SO4-, PO4 3-

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16
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

movement of solute from area of high concentration to area of low concentration until equilibrium.

17
Q

define facilitated diffusion

give example of substance moving this way

A

uses carrier molecule to achieve movement of solute from area of high concentration to area of low concentration until equilibrium.
e.g. glucose into cell

18
Q

define active transport

A

movement of solute against concentration gradient, requires energy.

19
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water molecules from area of high concentration of water to area of low concentration of water across a selectively permeable membrane until equilibrium of water.

20
Q
  1. osmo__________ refers to fluids inside the body

2. osmo__________ refers to fluids outside the body

A
  1. osmolality

2. osmolarity

21
Q

normal plasma osmolality per pagana

A

285 - 295 mOsm/kg

22
Q

2 substances that determine plasma osmolality

A

Na+

glucose

23
Q

What % (fraction) of total body fluid is:

  1. ICF
  2. ECF
A
  1. 2/3

2. 1/3

24
Q

What % of ECF is:

  1. transcellular
  2. interstitial
  3. intravascular
A
  1. negligible
  2. 2/3 (includes lymph)
  3. 1/3 (plasma)
25
Q

List 2 examples of transcellular fluids

A

cerebrospinal fluid
GI fluid
pleural
synovial + others…. see Lewis chp 17

26
Q
  1. What is hydrostatic pressure (in the body) and what does it do?
  2. Is hydrostatic pressure greater at arterial or venous end of capillary?
A
  1. pressure in blood vessels generated by contraction of heart.
    forces fluid from ECF vascular system out of capillary to interstitium to allow exchange with intracellular fluid.
  2. 40 mmHg at arterial end 10 mmHg at venous end.
27
Q
  1. What is oncotic (colloidal osmotic pressure)?

2. What is its function in capillaries?

A
  1. osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in solution (proteins)
  2. Protein found in ECF pulls fluid from interstitium back into capillaries at venous end (v. little protein in interstitium relative to intravascular)
28
Q

Fluid shifts:

  1. Plasma to interstitium results in ______?
  2. Caused by ____________ in hydrostatic pressure at venous end.
A
  1. edema

2. increase (reduces amount of fluid moving from interstitium to capillary)

29
Q

Causes of edema due to increase in hydrostatic pressure (5)

A
  1. fluid overload
  2. heart failure
  3. liver failure
  4. thrombosis, tourniquets, restrictive clothing (obstruction of venous return to heart)
  5. varicose veins (venous insufficiency)
30
Q

2 other causes of edema related to shift of fluid from plasma to interstitium.

A
  1. dec in plasma oncotic pressure (P is too low to pull fluid back into capillary)
    low plasma proteins caused by renal disorders, liver disease, malnutrition
  2. inc in interstitial oncotic pressure
    due to accumulation of plasma protein in IF as result of trauma, burns.
31
Q

Shift of interstitial fluid to plasma caused by______ (2)

A

admin of colloids

admin hypertonic IV

32
Q

Hypertonic solution effects on brain cells?

A

pulls H2O out of cells - crenate, brain cells shrink - altered CNS responses

33
Q

Hypotonic solution effects on brain cells?

A

pushes H2O into cells - swell brain cells - altered CNS response

34
Q

Values per pagana:

  1. Na+
  2. Cl-
  3. PO4 3-
  4. K+
  5. HCO3-
A
  1. 135- 146
  2. 98-106
  3. 3- 4.5
  4. 3.5- 5
  5. 21- 28
35
Q

Values per pagana:

  1. Mg2+
  2. Ca2+
A
  1. 1.3 - 2.1

2. 9 - 10.5

NUR 112 (6 decks)

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