Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Nucleotides Functions
- energy for metabolism
- enzyme cofactor
- signal transduction
Nucleic Acids Functions
- storage of genetic info
- transmission of genetic info
- processing of genetic info
- protein syntesis
What’re the building blocks of nucleotide?
acid + sugar + base
what’re the building blocks of nucleoside?
sugar + base
what are the type of acids in nucleotides?
monophosphate, diphosphate, triphosphate
what are the type of sugars in nucleotides?
ribose (RNA), deoxyribose (DNA)
what are the type of bases in nucleotides?
adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), cytosine (C), uracil (U) but only in RNA
a base can be two types aka . . .
purine and pyrimidine
based on the 2’carbon position of sugar, it can either be ribose or dexyribose based on
OH = ribose
H = deoxyribose
what are the different puckered conformations of sugar called?
endo (raised) or exo (flat)
what are the three traits of bases?
planar, aromatic, heterocyclic
What is the ring(s) formation of purine
6-ring + 5-ring
What bases are purine?
adenine and guanine
what’re the differences in purine bases, adenine and guanine?
adenine: NH2 on top
guanine: O on top and H2N near 2’ carbon position
What is the ring formation in pyrimidine
6-ring
What bases are pyrimidine?
cystosine, thymine (dna), uracil (rna)
What’s the difference of the pyrimidine structures?
cytosine, thymine, and uracil all have oxygen branch on the second position
both thymine and uracil have oxygen branch on top.
only cytosine has NH2 branch on the top.
only thymine has CH3 branch on the 5’ position.
In purines, what is the atom type and position that bonds with sugar?
N9
In pyrimidines, what is the atom type and position that bonds with sugar?
N1
what is adenine in nucleotide form?
deoxyadenylate
what is adenine in nucleoside form?
deoxyadenosine
what is guanine in nucleotide form?
deoxyguanylate
what is guanine in nucleoside form?
deoxyguanosine
what is thymine in nucleotide form?
deoxythymidylate
