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Genetics > Nucleotides and Nucleic Acid > Flashcards

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acid Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes a nucleotide?

A
  • nitrogenous base
  • sugar
  • phosphate
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2
Q

What makes a nucleoside?

A
  • nitrogenous base
  • sugar
  • NO PHOSPHATE
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3
Q

What is the carbon placement of each of the 5 carbons on the backbone sugar?

A
  1. C1: glycosidic bond that links base to sugar
  2. C2: identifier (OH=RNA; H=DNA)
  3. C3: always an OH
  4. C4: not important
  5. C5: phosphate bond
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4
Q

What 2 phosphates are released as a pyrophosphate?

A

beta and gamma

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5
Q

What type of nucleotides are prominent in tRNAs?

A

variant nucleotides

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6
Q

What are nucleotides linked togetehr by?

A

phosphodiester bonds

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7
Q

What gives asymmetry (polarity) in DNA?

A

phosphodiester bond

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8
Q

What is at each end of DNA?

A

5’: unbonded phosphate
3’: just an OH

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9
Q

What charge does DNA/RNA have overall?

A

negative

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10
Q

How many base pairs are there in DNA per turn?

A

10

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11
Q

What is the most likely location of attachment for a DNA binding protein?

A

the major groove

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12
Q

At what end are nucleotides added?

A

3’

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13
Q

What is denaturation?

A
  • separation of 2 strands of nucleaic acids
  • can be done by temp.
  • more h bonds= harder to denature
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14
Q

What is renaturation?

A

strands come back together

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15
Q

What is hybridization?

A

when renaturing strands that come back together are not from the same source

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16
Q

What is upstream?

A

opposite/before/in front of RNA polymerase

17
Q

What is downstream?

A

direction of RNA polymerase

18
Q

RNA transcribed is identical to what strand and opposite of what strand?

A
  • identical to coding strand
  • opposite of template strand
19
Q

What is the sense strand?

A

aka coding strand that matches the code of the strand being synthesized

20
Q

What is the template strand?

A

aka antisense strand used by new strand to choose matching nucleotides

21
Q

What is intramolecular base pairing?

A

allows for secondary or tertiary structure of nucleic acids

22
Q

Is intramolecular or intermolecular base pairing prominent in tRNA?

A

intramolecular

23
Q

What are the stpes of PCR?

A
  1. denaturation
  2. primers attach to specific target sequence
  3. DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase)
  4. repeat

Genetics (11 decks)

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