Nucleotides and Nucleic Acid Flashcards
What makes a nucleotide?
- nitrogenous base
- sugar
- phosphate
What makes a nucleoside?
- nitrogenous base
- sugar
- NO PHOSPHATE
What is the carbon placement of each of the 5 carbons on the backbone sugar?
- C1: glycosidic bond that links base to sugar
- C2: identifier (OH=RNA; H=DNA)
- C3: always an OH
- C4: not important
- C5: phosphate bond
What 2 phosphates are released as a pyrophosphate?
beta and gamma
What type of nucleotides are prominent in tRNAs?
variant nucleotides
What are nucleotides linked togetehr by?
phosphodiester bonds
What gives asymmetry (polarity) in DNA?
phosphodiester bond
What is at each end of DNA?
5’: unbonded phosphate
3’: just an OH
What charge does DNA/RNA have overall?
negative
How many base pairs are there in DNA per turn?
10
What is the most likely location of attachment for a DNA binding protein?
the major groove
At what end are nucleotides added?
3’
What is denaturation?
- separation of 2 strands of nucleaic acids
- can be done by temp.
- more h bonds= harder to denature
What is renaturation?
strands come back together
What is hybridization?
when renaturing strands that come back together are not from the same source
What is upstream?
opposite/before/in front of RNA polymerase
What is downstream?
direction of RNA polymerase
RNA transcribed is identical to what strand and opposite of what strand?
- identical to coding strand
- opposite of template strand
What is the sense strand?
aka coding strand that matches the code of the strand being synthesized
What is the template strand?
aka antisense strand used by new strand to choose matching nucleotides
What is intramolecular base pairing?
allows for secondary or tertiary structure of nucleic acids
Is intramolecular or intermolecular base pairing prominent in tRNA?
intramolecular
What are the stpes of PCR?
- denaturation
- primers attach to specific target sequence
- DNA synthesis (DNA polymerase)
- repeat
