Nucleotides Flashcards
Definition of nucleotide
Molecule consisting of a five-carbon sugar (Pentose sugar), a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
What are the two purines?
Adenine & Guanine
What are the two pyrimidines?
Cytosine & Thymine & uracil
What does Adenine pair with?
Thymine/Uracil
What does Guanine pair with?
Cytosine
What is the difference between purine & pyrimidines?
purine base contains two carbon-nitrogen rings joined together, whereas a pyrimidine base only has one carbon-nitrogen ring therefore pyrimidine base is smaller
What are ADT and ATP?
They are phosphorylated nucleotides
What does Adenosine Diphosphate contain?
contains the base adenine, the sugar ribose and two phosphate groups
What does Adenosine Triphosphate contain?
contains the base adenine, the sugar ribose and three phosphate groups
Where do plants and animals cells release energy from?
Glucose
where does a cell get energy from?
it can’t get energy from glucose therefore in respiration the energy released from glucose is used to make ATP and then molecules of ATP provide energy for chemical reactions in the cell.
What is ATP synthesised from?
ADP and inorganic phosphate (P)
What does ADP form when its phosphorylated? & Where is energy stored?
ATP and a phosphate bond is formed & in the phosphate bonds
what happens when an energy is needed by a cell?
ATP is broken down into ADP and inorganic phosphate. Energy is then released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell.
What do nucleotides form when they join together?
Polynucleotides
