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BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE > NUCLEOTIDES > Flashcards

NUCLEOTIDES Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrogen bases present in both DNA and RNA

A

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine

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2
Q

Nitrogen bases present in DNA only

A

Thymine

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3
Q

Nitrogen base present in RNA only

A

Uracil

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4
Q

Methylation of uracil makes this nitrogen base

A

Thymine

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5
Q

This is the bond formed between NITROGENOUS base and pentose sugar of a nucleoside

A

N-glycosidic linkage

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6
Q

This is the bond formed between pentose sugar and PHOSPHORYL group of a nucleotide

A

Ester bond

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7
Q

This bond allows the addition of more phosphoryl bonds at nucleotides to form di- and triphosphates

A

Anhydride bond

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8
Q

Most abundant free nucleotide in mammalian cell

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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9
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides that are joined by this bond

A

3’-5’ phosphodiester bond

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10
Q

Sequence of writing the bases of a DNA

A

From 5’ end → 3’ end

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11
Q

Determinant of the melting point of DNA

A

Number of G-C bonds

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12
Q

Orientation of DNA strands

A

Antiparallel

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13
Q

States that the number of purines = number of pyrimidines

A

Chargaff’s rule

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14
Q

All types of DNA are right-handed except this type of DNA

A

Z-DNA (left-handed)

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15
Q

Most common form of DNA physiologically (well-hydrated and w/ low salt concentration)

A

B-DNA

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16
Q

Type of DNA found in low humidity and high salt concentration

A

A-DNA

17
Q

Type of DNA mostly seen in 5’ end of chromosomes

A

Z-DNA

18
Q

Most abundant chromatin protein

A

Histone

19
Q

Histone seen in the linker region

A

H1

20
Q

Composition of the histone octomer (core histones)

A

Pairs of H2A, H2B, H3, H4

21
Q

Source of negative charge of DNA

A

Phosphate groups

22
Q

Source of positive charge of histones

A

Lysine (H3, H4) Arginine (H2A, H2B)

23
Q

Represents the “beads on a string” appearance on electron microscopy

A

10-nm chromatin fibril

24
Q

DNA is wrapped by around the histone octomer by this amount

A

1.75 times

25
Q

Condensation of DNA to form chromosomes occur during this phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

26
Q

The highly condensed chromatin seen in electron microscopy, which is transcriptionally inactive

A

Heterochromatin

27
Q

The less condensed chromatin seen in electron microscopy, which is transcriptionally active

A

Euchromatin

28
Q

Most heterogeneous RNA

A

mRNA

29
Q

Most abundant RNA

A

rRNA

30
Q

RNA containing significant proportions of nucleosides with unusual bases

A

tRNA

31
Q

RNAs responsible for gene expression regulation

A

snRNA
miRNA
siRNA
lncRNA

BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE (8 decks)

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