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BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE > AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS > Flashcards

AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant organic molecule in the HUMAN BODY

A

Proteins

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2
Q

Enantiomer of amino acids seen in the human body

A

L-isomer

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3
Q

An imino acid

A

Proline

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4
Q

AA with the smallest side chain, only achiral amino acid among the 20 AAs; Used in the first step of heme synthesis

A

Glycine

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5
Q

Accumulated AAs in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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6
Q

AA with the largest side chain

A

Tryptophan

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7
Q

Known as the 21st AA

A

Selenocysteine

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8
Q

Known as the 22nd AA; restricted only in some methanogenic archaea and bacteria

A

Pyrrolysine

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9
Q

Only semi-essential AA

A

Arginine

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10
Q

Sulfur-containing amino acids

A

Cysteine

Methionine

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11
Q

AAs with aromatic structures (benzene rings)

A

Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Histidine

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12
Q

Most basic AA

A

Arginine

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13
Q

Most acidic AA

A

Aspartic acid

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14
Q

First ever sequenced protein

A

Insulin

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15
Q

First discovered hormone

A

Secretin

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16
Q

Most common secondary structure

A

Alpha-helix

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17
Q

Secondary structure seen in abnormal prion protein (PrP Sc) and Alzheimer disease histopathology

A

Beta-sheets

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18
Q

AAs that can disrupt the alpha- helix structure

A

Proline

Glycine

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19
Q

The only structure of proteins not affected by denaturation

A

Primary structure

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20
Q

Reading of amino acid sequences

A

From N-terminus (NH3 end) to

C-terminus (COOH end)

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21
Q

Most common form of hemoglobin after birth

A

Hemoglobin A1

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22
Q

Location of alpha-globin genes

A

Chromosome 16

23
Q

Location of beta-globin genes

A

Chromosome 11

24
Q

Defect in sickle cell disease

A

Glutamate → Valine

at the 6th position of the beta-globin

25
Q

Defect in hemoglobin C disease

A

Glutamate → Lysine

at the 6th position of the beta-globin

26
Q

Hemoglobin Bart composition

A

4 gamma-globin

27
Q

Hemoglobin H composition

A

4 beta-globin

28
Q

Oxygen dissociation curve of myoglobin

A

Hyperbolic

29
Q

Oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin

A

Sigmoidal

30
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

31
Q

Most common form of collagen in the body

A

Type I collagen

32
Q

Type of collagen present in early wound repair

A

Type III collagen

33
Q

Type of collagen in late wound repair

A

Type I collagen

34
Q

Defective step of collagen synthesis encountered in scurvy

A

Hydroxylation step

35
Q

Defective step of collagen synthesis encountered in osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Formation of triple helix

36
Q

Defective step of collagen synthesis encountered in Menkes disease

A

Cross-linking step (dysfunction in copper- requiring lysyl oxidase)

37
Q

Most common form of EDS

A

Hypermobility EDS

38
Q

Most serious form of EDS

A

Vascular EDS

39
Q

Most common type of collagen affected in EDS

A

Type III collagen

40
Q

Defective type of collagen in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB)

A

Type VII collagen

41
Q

Defective structure in Marfan syndrome

A

Fibrillin

42
Q

Triad of Marfan syndrome

A 
Skeletal changes
Aortic dilatation 
Upward and outward
dislocation of the lens
(vs downward and inward dislocation of the lens in homocystinuria)
43
Q

Main cell that synthesizes antibodies or Igs

A

Plasma cells (derived from B cells)

44
Q

Fragment of Ig containing the antigen-binding site

A

Fab

45
Q

Fragment of Ig containing the complement-binding site and macrophage-binding site

A

Fc

46
Q

Responsible for determining the isotype of class of Ig

A

Heavy chains

47
Q

Most abundant light chain in humans

A

Kappa chain

48
Q

Proteins containing light chains and can be found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma

A

Bence-Jones protein

49
Q

Most abundant Ig in the BODY (which includes mucous membranes)

A

IgA

50
Q

Most abundant Ig in SERUM

A

IgG > IgA > IgM > IgD, IgE

51
Q

Cleaves Ig into 3 parts

A

Papain

52
Q

Cleaves Ig into 2 parts

A

Pepsin

53
Q

Refers to the part of the ANTIGEN to which an antibody binds

A

Epitope

54
Q

Refers to the part of the ANTIBODY that binds to the epitope of the antigen

A

Paratope

BIOCHEMISTRY TABLE (8 decks)

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