NUCLEIC ACIDS PT. 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Cells in an organism are?
A
Exact replicas
2
Q
Cells have information on how to?
A
Make new cells
3
Q
Molecules
responsible
for
such
information are?
A
Nucleic acids
4
Q
Nucleic acids
Found in ____and are ____ in
nature
A
Nucleus; acidic
5
Q
is a polymer in which the
monomer units are_____
A
Nucleic acids; nucleotides
6
Q
Two Types of Nucleic Acids:
A
DNA & RNA
7
Q
DNA is found in?
A
Nucleus
8
Q
DNA function:
A
Storage and transfer of genetic
information
9
Q
Passed from one cell to other
during cell division
A
DNA
10
Q
RNA occurs in?
A
All parts of the cell
11
Q
RNA’s primary function is to?
A
Synthesize proteins
12
Q
A macromolecule that is
responsible for storage of information
A
Nucleic acid
13
Q
sugar and base lang
A
Nucleoside
14
Q
The information that is used to make
new cells is through?
A
Nucleic acids
15
Q
the monomer unit of
nucleic acid, it is a combination of___, ___, ____
A
Nucleotide; sugar, base, and phosphate
16
Q
main function is to store genetic
information on how to make protein
A
DNA
17
Q
___ Have ____ copy, then this will
command to make the proteins.
A
DNA; mRNA
(messenger
ribonucleic acid)
18
Q
function is to make a protein
A
RNA
19
Q
Polymers in which
repeating unit is nucleotide
A
Nucleic acids
20
Q
A Nucleotide has three components:
A
○ Pentose Sugar: Monosaccharide
○ Phosphate Group (PO3-)
○ Heterocyclic Base 4
21
Q
PENTOSE SUGAR PRESENT IN:
DNA :
RNA :
A
DEOXYRIBOSE
RIBOSE
22
Q
Structural difference of DNA and RNA sugars
A
○ —OH group present on carbon 2’
in ribose
○ a —H atom in 2-deoxyribose
23
Q
RNA and DNA differ in the
____ unit in their
nucleotides.
A
identity of the sugar
24
Q
sugar present in nucleotide, it
is a pentose (5 membered ring)
A
Ribose
25
There are a total five bases
★ Three pyrimidine derivatives - thymine
(T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U)
★ Two purine derivatives - adenine (A) and
guanine (G)
26
are nitrogen containing heterocyclic bades found in both DNA and RNA
★ Adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine
(C)
27
found only in RNA
found only in DNA
URACIL
THYMINE
28
Bases which are always paired
Pyrimidine and purine
29
Adenine is paired with ___in DNA
Adenine is paired with___ in RNA
THYMINE
URACIL
30
Guanine is paired with?
Cytosine
31
Bases found in RNA
AUCG- Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and
Guanine
32
Bases found in DNA
ATCG- Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and
Guanine,
33
___- third component of a
nucleotide, is derived from___
Phosphate: Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
34
Under _____, the
phosphoric acid is fully dissociated to
give a _____
cellular pH conditions; hydrogen phosphate ion
35
The process of adding
phosphate to the structure
Phosphorylation
36
Enzyme responsible
in phosphorylation
Thymidine kinase
37
The different bases in the nucleotides
which make up DNA and RNA are:
–
Adenine
–
Guanine
–
Cytosine
–
Thymine (DNA only)
–
Uracil (RNA only)
38
For pyrimidine bases, the suffix ____ is
used (____,_____,____).
-idine; cytidine, thymidine, uridine
39
For purine bases, the suffix _____ is
used (____,_____).
-osine; adenosine, guanosine
40
The prefix ____ is used to indicate that
the sugar present is deoxyribose. ___
prefix is used when the sugar present is ribose.
Deoxy; no
41
Nucleoside formation
_____where
reaction occurs, where base will be bind
and there will be a removal of water
Position 1
42
Nucleoside formed sugars and bases of DNA
Deoxycytidine
Deoxyadenosine
Deoxythymidine
Deoxyguanosine
43
Nucleoside formed sugars and bases of RNA
Adenosine
Guanosine
Uridine
Cytidine
44
★ a reactions where Phosphate attached to C-5’ and base is
attached to C-1’ position of pentose
Nucleotide formation
45
Nucleotide formation
★ Phosphate attached to ___ and base is
attached to ____ position of pentose
C-5'; C-1'
46
Nucleoside added with a phosphate group will yield?
Nucleotide
47
Nucleoside can be added up to how many phosphate?
3
48
Synonym of Nucleotides
Nucleoside phosphate
49
★ If base is adenine and sugar is
deoxyribose,
it
is
now
called
Deoxyadenosine
50
DNA NUCLEOTIDES:
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Provide the sugar component:
Nucleotide name:
Nucleotide abbreviation:
Deoxyribose
Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate
Deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate
Deoxycytidine 5'-monophosphate
Deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate
dAMP
dGMP
dCMP
dTMP
51
1 phosphate-
2 phosphate-
3 phosphate-
Monophosphate
Diphosphate
Triphosphate
52
RNA NUCLEOTIDES:
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Provide the sugar component:
Nucleotide name:
Nucleotide abbreviation:
Ribose
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate
Guanosine 5'-monophosphate
Cytidine 5'-monophosphate
Thymidine 5'-monophosphate
AMP
GMP
CMP
TMP
53
Energy currency of the cell and considered as a nucleotide
ATP
54
5 prime indicates the position of?
Phosphate under phosphorylation
55
Sugar-phosphate groups are referred to
as?
Nucleic acid backbone
56
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
★ A ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleotide
polymer in which each of the monomers
contains ____, a ______, and________________
ribose; phosphate group; one of the heterocyclic bases adenine,
cytosine, guanine, or uracil
57
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
★ A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a
nucleotide polymer in which each of the
monomers contains _____, a
____, and _________
deoxyribose; phosphate group; one of the
heterocyclic bases adenine, cytosine,
guanine, or thymine.
58
Sequence of nucleotides in
DNA or RNA
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
59
Primary structure is due to changes in
the
Bases
60
Primary linkage between the 5' end and the 3' end
Phosphodiester bond
61
Phosphodiester bond at 3’and 5’ position
5’end has free____ and 3’end has
a free ____
phosphate; OH group
62
this is the order,
sequence,
arrangement
of
the
nucleotide
Primary structure
63
The bonds/interconnection of nucleotides will yield:
Strands
64
it is formed when
there is a link or connection at carbon
no.3 of the sugar and a phosphate
group at position 5
Primary structure
65
Phosphodiester- present in_____
and __, nagdidikit dikit structure is
called primary structure
carbon no.3; 5
66
Nucleic acid backbone:
Protein backbone:
Sugar-Phosphate
Peptide bonds
67
Nucleic acids have three structure
Primary, Secondary, tertiary
68
Bases composition is?
Equal
69
Double helix is discovered by?
James watson
70
Discovered DNA is double helix
Francis Crick
71
The secondary structure involves ________ coiled around each
other in a ____
Two polynucleotide chain; helical fashion
72
Secondary structure
The two strands are connected by_____ between their bases
hydrogen bonds
73
The polynucleotides run____to each other (opposite)
Antiparallel
74
____&yug magdidikit
para makagawa ng chain, at ____ if may nagdikit pa ng 2
nucleotide it is now called _____,
magdidikit sila kapag yung double helix
gagawa ng _____
Phosphodiester bond
postion 5 and 3,
double helix
hydrogen bond
75
If 2 polynucleotide strand ang nagsama
or nag coil-
Secondary structure
76
bond that is needed to
form a double helix, or secondary
structure
Hydrogen bond
77
can form 2
hydrogen bonds
Adenine and thymine
78
can form 3
hydrogen bonds
Guanine and cytosine
79
One ____ and one ____ base can fit
inside the DNA strands:
Small and large
80
is stronger with A-T
and G-C
Hydrogen bonding
81
A-T and G-C are called
Complementary bases
82
Purine and pyrimidine cannot be in connection with their exact same duplicate for it will either?
Not fit because of large and small size
83
the sequence of bases
on one polynucleotide is complementary
to the other polynucleotide
DNA sequence
84
are pairs of bases
in a nucleic acid structure that can
hydrogen- bond to each other.
Complementary bases
85
Botgh ____&____ con- tribute to
secondary- structure stabilization in DNA
molecules.
hydrogen bonding and
base-stacking interactions
86
Process by which DNA
molecules produce exact duplicates of
themselves
Replication
87
Old strands act as ____ for the
synthesis of new strands
Templates
88
checks the correct base
pairing and catalyzes the formation of
phosphodiester linkages
DNA polymerase
89
The newly synthesized DNA has
One new DNA strand and one oldDNA strand
90
Duplication of DNA
Replication
91
DNA to RNA
Transcription
92
RNA to proteins
Translation
93
Replication, transcription and translation occurs as process:
Central dogma
94
_____RNA
gagawa
DNA, the enzyme is called____
Reverse transcription
Reverse transcriptase
95
DNA polymerase enzyme can only
function in the
5' -.3' direction
96
Direction of strand can yield to strands:
Leading and lagging strand
97
Lagging strands have fragments called?
Okazaki fragments
98
Gaps between the lagging strand are aided by the
DNA ligase
99
DNA replication is_____ from
these sites (replication forks)
bidirectional
100
Multiple-site replication enables
Rapid DNA synthesis
101
role as the director
for cells and its importance in coding
traits.
DNA
102
is essential for cell
division, ensuring that new daughter
cells receive a copy of DNA.
DNA replication
103
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication
occurs
in
the
____,
whereas
prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus
but still carry out ____.
nucleus; replication
104
_____occurs before cell
division, specifically during ____ in
eukaryotic cells.
DNA replication; interphase
105
unzips the DNA strands by
breaking hydrogen bonds,
Helicase
106
builds new DNA strands
DNA polymerase
107
creates RNA primers to guide
DNA polymerase
Primase
108
gluer to join DNA fragments
Ligase
109
keep the strands apart.
SSB single bonded bonding
110
Prevents super coiling
Topoisomerase
111
★ DNA strands have specific directions, 5'
to 3' and 3' to 5', based on the
numbering of carbon atoms in the ____
sugar
backbone.
