MUTATION Flashcards
An error in base sequence reproduced
during DNA replication
Mutation
Errors in genetic information are passed
on during
Transcription
Two common types of Mutation
Point mutation
Frameshift mutation
The altered information can cause
changes in ____ during
protein synthesis and thereby alter
protein function.
amino acid sequence
is a mutation
that inserts or
deletes a base in a DNA molecule base
sequence.
Frameshift mutation
Mutations are caused by
Mutagens
a substance or agent that
causes a change in the structure of a
gene:
Mutagen
Mutagens:
○ Radiation and chemical agents
are two important types of
mutagens
○ Ultraviolet, X-ray, radioactivity
and
cosmic
radiation
are
mutagenic –cause cancers
○ Chemical agents can also have
mutagenic effects
can convert cytosine to uracil
Nitrous acid
can
form nitrous acid in cells
Nitrites, nitrates, nitrosamine
Under normal conditions mutations are
repaired by
Repair enzymes
_____: Tiny disease causing agents
with ______ and ___&
Viruses: outer protein envelope; inner nucleic acid core
Invade their host cells to reproduce and
in the process______
disrupt the normal cells
operation
a virus that will act or
replicate on bacteria
Bacteriophage
Antibodies produced against inactive
viral or bacterial envelopes wi l ki l the
active bacteria and viruses
Vaccines
Viruses attach to the host cell on the
outside cell surface and proteins of virus
envelope catalyze the breakdown of the
cell membrane and forms a ___
Hole
DNA
molecules
that
have
been
synthesized by splicing a sequence of
segment DNA (usually a gene) from one
organism to the DNA of another
organism
Recombinant DNA and Genetic
Engineering
○ The
study
of
biochemical
techniques that allow the transfer
of a foreign gene to a host
organism and produce the protein
associated with the added gene
Genetic engineering/Biotechnology
double stranded DNA)
replicate
independently
in
bacteria or yeast
Plasmid
is a DNA that
contains genetic material from two
different organisms
Recombinant DNA
Point mutation distinctions:
- both mRNA codons code for the same
amino Acid. silent mutation - The point mutation has produced a
codon that codes for a different amino
acid. - The point mutation has produced a stop
codon, resulting in termination of protein
synthesis
is a mutation in which
one base sequence is replaced with
another base
Point mutation
