Nucleic Acids & Proteins Flashcards
Function of nucleic acids
Store, transmit, and express genetic information
Function of proteins
Do almost everything else that the cells need
The genome
Provides instructions for making that organism
DNA
Stores and transmits biological information
RNA
Expresses genetic information
Constituents of nucleotides
- Phosphate group
- Five carbon sugar
- Nitrogen-containing aromatic base
Nucleoside
A nucleotide without a phosphate group
Deoxynucleotides
A nucleotide with a deoxy sugar
What bonds link nucleotides?
3’, 5’ phosphodiester bonds
Is the phosphate at the 3’ or 5’ end of the nucleotide?
5’
Is the hydroxyl at the 3’ or 5’ end of the nucleotide?
3’
A forms ___ hydrogen bonds with __
Two, T
G forms __ hydrogen bonds with ___
Three, C
Purines
Guanine and Adenine
Pyramidines
Cytosine and Thymine/Uracil
Proteins are polymers of ____
Amino acids
There are L and D enantiomers. What enantiomer is used in proteins?
L enantiomer
Polypeptide
Product of amino acid polymerization
- The process of elongating a chain of amino acids is called protein synthesis
Non-polar amino acids
Glycine
Alanine
Leucine
Polar, uncharged
Serine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Polar, charged
Lysine
Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid
The end of a polypeptide with the amino group is called the ____
N-terminus (beginning of the protein)
The end of a polypeptide with the carboxyl group is called the ___
C-terminus (end of the protein)
Amino acid covalent bond
Disulfide bonds
