Nucleic Acids and Proten Synthesis Review

Question 1

What are the 3 types of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

• Phosphate
• Sugar
• Base

Question 2

What are the 4 nucleotides found in DNA?

Answer 2

Thymine C = G
Cytosine
Guanine A = T
Adenine

Question 3

Shape of DNA

Answer 3

Double Helix

Question 4

How is RNA different from DNA?

Answer 4

1. DNA has Thymine and RNA doesn’t
2. RNA is single stranded
3. RNA contains a sugar ribose, while DNA contains a slightly different sugar deoxyribose

Question 5

The 3 Types of RNA

Answer 5

rRNA - plays a structural and catalytic role during translation
tRNA - it brings amino acids and reads the genetic code during translation
mRNA - it provides the template for protein synthesis during translation

Question 6

What is Protein Synthesis?

Answer 6

the process of making protein

Question 7

First Step of Protein Synthesis

Answer 7

Transcription -
the process by which RNA is created using a strand of DNA as a template (DNA –> RNA)
occurs in the nucleus

Question 8

Second Step of Protein Synthesis

Answer 8

Translation -
the process by which mRNA is translated into amino acids to form a protein (RNA –> PROTEIN)
occurs in the ribosome

Question 9

What is an Amino Acid?

Answer 9

single organic compound containing both carboxy and amino group

Question 10

How many nitrogen bases equal a codon? What does a codon code for?

Answer 10

3 nitrogen bases.
It codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 11

Formula of Protein Synthesis

Answer 11

DNA –> RNA –> PROTEIN transcription, translation