Evolution & Classification Flashcards
What are the 5 Types of evidence that support Evolution?
- Fossils
- Homologous Structures (human arms, dog bones)
- Vestigial Structures (wisdom teeth, tailbone)
- DNA
- Embryology
Adaptation
the action or process of changing to suit an environment
Analogous Structures
Features of different species that are similar in function but not structure
Bottleneck Effect
Size of a population is severely reduced, leaving behind a random assortment of survivors
Convergent Evolution
species occupy similar functions but are distant relatives (sharks and dolphins)
Divergent Evolution
When 2 groups of the same species evolve different traits within those groups in order to accommodate for different environmental and social pressure.
Founder Effect
A small group of individuals become separated from a large population
Gene Flow
change in allele frequency in a population due to migration
Homologous Structures
Similar structures inherited from a common ancestor
Vestigial Structures
Structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor (our tailbone)
Who was Charles Darwin?
He studied the characteristics of organisms in the G Islands and discovered natural selection
What is Natural Selection
“survival of the fittest”
Best at surviving in your environment
What is Speciation
For a single species to divide into two new species, the gene pools of the two populations must become separated
Reproductive Isolation
Members of two populations become unable to interbreed and produce fertile offspring due to circumstances
Behavioral Isolation
Two populations are capable of interbreeding but have different courtship rituals or strategies
Geographical Isolation
Two populations are capable of interbreeding but are separated by geographical barriers (mountains, rivers, etc)
Temporal Isolation
Two populations are capable of interbreeding but reproduce at separate time (orchids release pollen at different times in a year)
Taxonomy
The science of naming or classifying organisms
List the levels of organization
Domain -> Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family -> Genus -> Species
How do you remember it?
King Philip Came Over for Good Spaghetti
What are the three domains?
Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya
What two names do we use to specify an organism
Genus and Species
What are the 6 Kingdoms?
Plantae, Animalia, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Fungi, Protista
Unicellular prokaryotes that live in an animals digestive system
Eubacteria
