Cells and Viruses Study Guide

Question 1

Function of a Chloroplast

Answer 1

Produce energy through photosynthesis

Question 2

Function of the Mitochondria

Answer 2

Produce the energy necessary for the cell

Question 3

Function of the Nucleus

Answer 3

Stores the cells DNA and is the control center of the cell

Question 4

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 4

Makes protein and RNA

Question 5

Function of a Lysosome

Answer 5

Gets rid of waste products in the cell

Question 6

List 2 ways Bacteria are beneficial to humans

Answer 6

• Help degrade the food we eat
• Neutralize toxins

Question 7

Are viruses living?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What do all viruses need?

Answer 8

A host cell

Question 9

Are bacteria alive?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Are bacteria killed with vaccines or antibiotics?

Answer 10

Antibiotics

Question 11

Function of Cell Membrane

Answer 11

Allows things to go in and out

Question 12

What is the Phospholipid head called?

Answer 12

Hydrophilic

Question 13

What is the Phospholipid tail called?

Answer 13

Hydrophobic

Question 14

List 3 types of passive transport

Answer 14

Diffusion, Osmosis, and Facilitated Diffusion

Question 15

List 3 types of active transport

Answer 15

Protein pumps, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis

Question 16

What is it called when water moves INTO cell: Swells

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

What is it called when water moves OUT of a cell: Shrinks

Answer 17

Hypertonic

Question 18

What is it called when water moves in and out equally

Answer 18

Isotonic

Question 19

Is energy needed in active transport

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Do molecules move high to low in ACTIVE transport

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Do molecules move high to low in PASSIVE Transport

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

What is diffusion?

Answer 22

Molecules move from high to low concentrations (spread out)

Question 23

What is Osmosis?

Answer 23

Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

Question 24

What is Facilitated Diffusion?

Answer 24

Diffusion through the cell membrane with the help of a protein channel

Question 25

What are Protein Pumps?

Answer 25

Transport proteins that require energy to do work

Question 26

What is Endocytosis? Endo = IN

Answer 26

Cell taking in particles, usually for eating

Question 27

What is Exocytosis? Exo = OUT

Answer 27

Cell expels usually waste products or hormones to leave the cell

Question 28

Where does Photosynthesis happen?

Answer 28

Occurs on the leaves of plants inside the chloroplast

Question 29

What is the Photosynthesis Equation?

Answer 29

6CO² + 6H²0 --> C⁶H¹²0⁶ + 6O²

Question 30

What does the reaction for photosynthesis need?

Answer 30

Energy from the sun

Question 31

What is the Cellular Respiration equation?

Answer 31

C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O² --> 6H²O + 6CO² + ATP

Question 32

Where does cellular respiration happen?

Answer 32

Occurs in all Eukaryotes inside the Mitochondria

Question 33

What happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 33

Glucose is converted into usable energy for the cell (ATP)

Question 34

What happens in Photosynthesis?

Answer 34

Energy from sunlight converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose and oxygen

Question 35

What is ATP?

Answer 35

Cellular energy

Question 36

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 36

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport

Question 37

What is semi-permeable?

Answer 37

Allowing certain substances to pass through

Question 38

List 2 facts about a Plant Cell

Answer 38

- Has a Cell Wall and Membrane - Very large Vacuole

Question 39

List 3 facts about an Animal Cell

Answer 39

- Has a Cell Membrane but no Cell Wall - Smaller vacuoles - Irregular shape

Question 40

Do Bacteria, Viruses, or Both have DNA/RNA?

Answer 40

Both