Nucleic acids and proteins

Question 1

Proteins are made up of…

Answer 1

Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide chains

Question 2

Proteins

Functional groups

Answer 2

• COOH, carboxyl

- NH2, amino

Question 3

Proteins

Where is the peptide link

Answer 3

O
||
C - NH

Question 4

Proteins

Amino acids join via a …

Answer 4

condensation reaction

Question 5

Proteins

How do polypeptides form

Answer 5

Combine numerous amino acids ( same side chains ) in a chain to form a polypeptide.

Question 6

Proteins

Polypeptides are…
Monomers are…

Answer 6

• polymers (large molecule composed of many repeated units)

- Monomers (Basic unit-amino acids)

Question 7

Proteins

-bond type

Answer 7

• Specific sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

- Peptide bonds (covalent)

Question 8

Proteins

-bond type

Answer 8

• Consists of localized coiling and folding of segment of the polypeptide chain.
• Hydrogen bonding between nearby peptide groups, form alpha helices, beta pleated sheets and random coils

Question 9

Proteins

-bond type

Answer 9

• Structure due to global (spanning the entire molecule) folding and coiling.
• H bonding, ionic interactions, covalent bonding (disulfide bridges), hydrophobic interactions (since non- polar side chains tend to aggregate together.

Question 10

Proteins

-

Answer 10

• Multiple polypeptide chains (same four interactions)
• 3-D shape structure of a protein dictates its function. Globular proteins can only bind molecules of a complementary shape, like a lock and key

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Define DNA

Answer 11

Is the chemical that encodes how each organism is made. It is the blueprint for the synthesis of every protein in your body (genes)

Question 12

Nucleic acids

Define RNA

Answer 12

Is a chemical inside cells with a variety of functions. There are three types of RNA

Question 13

Nucleic acids

RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
-
-
-
-

Answer 13

• mRNA carriers a copy of nucleotide sequence of DNA that specifics the amino acid sequence for a particular protein.
• Pre mRNA is formed by enzymes RNA polymerase
• Pre mRNA is processed to form mature mRNA
• The mature mRNA travel to cytosol where it binds to ribosomes ready for translation

Question 14

Nucleic acids

RNA
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 14

Together with proteins, rRNA forms organelles ribosome, ribosome are the site where information in mRNA is translated into chains of amino acid

Question 15

Nucleic acids

RNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
-
-

Answer 15

• Transfer amino acid from the cytoplasm to ribosome where they join to form polypeptide chains.
• On tRNA there is a sequence of nucleotide (anticodon) which recognize a sequence of nucleotide in the mRNA

Question 16

Nucleic acid

-
-

Answer 16

• Deoxyribose
• Phosphate
• Nitrogenous base

Question 17

Nucleic acid

RNA characteristics 
-
-
-
-
-

Answer 17

• single stranded (oppoition of nitrogen bases)
• RNA equivalent of thymine is urcail
• Ribose
• phosphate
• nitrogenous base

Question 18

Nucleic acid

To join two nucleotide together…

Answer 18

the phosphate group of one nucleotide covalently bonds to the deoxyribose sugar of the next nucleotide

Question 19

Nucleic acid

Condensation between free nucleotides..

Answer 19

-Free nucleotide link together to form strands, How RNA and DNA is formed

Question 20

Nucleic acid

• Purines (2)
• Pyrimidines (1)

Answer 20

• A + G

- T + U + C

Question 21

Nucleic acid

• Adenine pairs with … via…
• Guanine pairs with … via…

Answer 21

Thymine, by two weak hydrogen bonds

Cytosines, by three weak hydrogen bonds.