Cellular respiration

Question 1

Define cellular respiration

Answer 1

Is a metabolic process occurring within cells involving the use of glucose as a ‘fuel’ for the production of ATP. (Since formation of ATP from ADP and Pi requires energy)

Question 2

Define aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Is respiration in the presence of oxygen

Question 3

Define anaerobic respiration

Answer 3

Is respiration in the absence of oxygen

Question 4

_____ is a quicker process than _____ , but much less ATP is produced

Answer 4

Anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration

Question 5

Whats the overall equation for cellular respiration

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36/38 ATP

Question 6

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Gylocolysis
Input:\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Outputs:\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Site:
ATP produced:

Answer 6

• Glucose (and NAD, ADP/Pi
• Pyruvate, NADH, ATP
• cytosol
• 2

Question 7

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Gylocolysis
brief process

Answer 7

Requires no oxygen. It involves splitting of one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules and the energy released produces 2 ATP molecules and is used to form 2 NADH molecules.

Question 8

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Kerbs cycle (the citric acid cycle)
Inputs: \_\_,\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Outputs:\_\_,\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Site:
ATP produced:

Answer 8

• pyruvate, NAD, FAD, ADP/Pi
• CO2, NADH, FADH2, ATP
• Matrix of the mitochondrion
• 2

Question 9

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Kerbs cycle (the citric acid cycle)
Brief process

Answer 9

If oxygen present the two pyruvate molecules from gylcosis move into the matrix of mitochondrion. The two pyruvate molecules are broken down, 6CO2 is formed and the energy released produced 2 ATP molecule and loads of 12H+ ions and electrons into NAD and FADH molecules to produce NADH and FADH2

Question 10

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Electron transport chain 
Inputs:\_\_,\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Outputs:\_\_,\_\_,\_\_,\_\_
Site:
ATP produced:

Answer 10

• NADH, FADH2, O2, ADP/Pi
• ATP, H2O, NAD, FAD
• cristae of the mitochondrion
• 32-34 (pre glucose molecule)

Question 11

Three stages of aerobic cellular respiration

Electron transport chain
Brief process

Answer 11

Electrons donated by the NADH and FADH2 molecules are passed along a series of cytochromes (electron accepting compounds) until they are finally accepted by oxygen. Oxygen becomes negatively charge and combines with the 12 H+ to from 6H2O. The energy released from the transport of electrons during these electron transport reactions produce 32 or 34 ATP

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration

Efficiency

Answer 12

Anaerobic respiration is much less efficient than aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 13

Anaerobic respiration

ATP yield and rate of production

Answer 13

1/18 as much ATP is produced per glucose molecule BUT more ATP is produced per second. (faster process)

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration

Location

Answer 14

The first stage of cellular respiration happens in the cytoplasm. The product of this (pyruvate) is then either converted into lactate (in anaerobic respiration) in the cytoplasm or enters the mitochondrion to complete the krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration

Duration

Answer 15

In humans, anaerobic respiration can only be sustained for a short time. Aerobic cellular respiration can be sustained indefinitely

Question 16

Anaerobic respiration

Fermentation types
In animals…

Answer 16

We refer to anaerobic respiration as ‘lactic acid fermentation’ because the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. via gylcolysis (2 ATP produced per glucose)

Question 17

Anaerobic respiration

Fermentation types
In plants and fungi (such as yeast)…

Answer 17

We refer anaerobic respiration as ‘alcohol fermentation’ because this the pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide (2 ATP her glucose molecule)

Question 18

Anaerobic respiration

Why do plants and fungi, and animals produce different compounds.

Answer 18

animals have a different enzyme, so the biochemical pathway is different

Question 19

Anaerobic respiration

Purpose (for both)

Answer 19

recycle the NADH back to NAD+ (if cell runs out of NAD then glysolysis will stop)

Question 20

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-

Answer 20

• Temperature
• Glucose availability (Inputs )
• Oxygen concentration; low oxygen concentration will decrease the rate of aerobic respiration and increase the rate of anaerobic respiration