nucleic acids

Question 1

all polymerases synth nucleic acids in __ to ___ direction

Answer 1

5’ –> 3’

Question 2

melting point (Tm) is temp at which ___ of DNA has become single stranded

Answer 2

1/2

Question 3

phosphorylated nucleosides, at the 5’ carbon unless otherwise specified

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

nucleoside nomenclature ends with:

Answer 4

“osine” or “idine”

Question 5

nucleotide nomenclature ends with:

Answer 5

“ylate”

Question 6

Chargaff’s Rule

Answer 6

A+G=T+C

Question 7

Restriction enzymes that cleave DNA at the unmethylated recognition sequence (recognize palindromic sequences)

Answer 7

Type 2

Question 8

Highly variable regions in individual DNA sequences give restriction fragments that are unique, called:

Answer 8

RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms)

Question 9

highly conserved, basic proteins functioning in DNA packaging–>bind to neg-charged sugar phosphate backbone of DNA

Answer 9

histones

Question 10

DNA-histone complexes

Answer 10

nucleosomes

Question 11

this type of RNA codes for proteins and contains codons

Answer 11

mRNA

Question 12

this type of RNA carries activated aa to ribosomes for protein synth. They are in a clover leaf form

Answer 12

tRNA

Question 13

this type of RNA makes up most of the RNA in cells and is integral in ribosomes

Answer 13

rRNA

Question 14

this type of short oligonucleotide RNA functions in transcriptional/post-transciptional regulation of gene expression

Answer 14

miRNA

Question 15

nonchromosomal DNA in prokaryotes, often encoding info for resistance to antibiotics; involved with insulin!

Answer 15

plasmids

Question 16

nonfunctional regions that often appear as repetitive sequences (telomeres and centromeres); seem to have regulatory functions

Answer 16

junk DNA

Question 17

set number of times that a cell can divide (40-60)

Answer 17

Hayflick’s number