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Biology Paper 1 > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid- a polymer that holds important genetic information.

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2
Q

Why is DNA described as anti parallel?

A

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions, with one being 5’ and the other 3’.

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3
Q

What make up a nucleotide?

A

A phosphate, a penrose sugar and an organic nitrogenous base

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4
Q

Explain the significance of DNA to organisms

A

DNA codes for proteins, holds genetic information and passes on hereditary information.

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5
Q

What is the base pair ruling?

A

Whatever the amount of Adenine, there will be the same amount of Thymine as they pair together. This is the same for Guanine and Cytosine as they pair together.

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6
Q

Where are phosphodiester bonds found?

A

Between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of another

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7
Q

What is the sugar phosphate backbone?

A

The sides of the DNA ladder, that form the structural framework of DNA.

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8
Q

Where are hydrogen bonds found in nucleic acid?

A

Between the nitrogenous bases, to join the two polynucleotide strands.

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9
Q

Where are glycosisic bonds found in nucleic acids?

A

Between the penrose sugar and base of a nucleotide.

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10
Q

What base pairs with Adenine?

A

Thymine

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11
Q

What base pairs with Thymine?

A

Adenine

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12
Q

What base pairs with Guanine?

A

Cytosine

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13
Q

What base pairs with Cytosine?

A

Guanine

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14
Q

Which of the organic bases are purines?

A

A and G

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15
Q

Which DNA bases are pyrimidines?

A

Thymine and Cytosine

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16
Q

Define monomer

A

Small molecules that bond together to form larger structures called polymers.

17
Q

Define polymer

A

Large molecule of many small repeating units called monomers

18
Q

If thymine is 34%, what % will be adenine?

A

34

19
Q

If thymine has 34%, what % will cytosine be?

A

16%

20
Q

Which has been proven as the way DNA replicates?

A

Semi Conservative replication

21
Q

Describe the function of DNA helicase

A

Breaks the H bonds between bases in order to ‘unzip’ the two strands of DNA.

22
Q

Describe the function of DNA polymerase?

A

Catalyses the condensation reaction to form the missing polynucleotide strand

23
Q

Describe the function of DNA ligase

A

Joins fragments of the lagging strand together

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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