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BIOCHEM QUIZ > NUCLEIC ACIDS > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleic acids are molecules made up of polymers of nucleotides linked together by what?

A

Phospodiester bonds

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2
Q

Also called polynucleotides

A

Nucleic acid

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3
Q

Stores genetic information of individuals (genotype)

A

DNA

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4
Q

Responsible for the visible or observable traits (phenotype)

A

RNA

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5
Q

Purines and Pyrimidines exist in plants in the form of? (3)

A
  1. Free bases
  2. Nucleosides
  3. Nucleotides
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6
Q

Represents up to 3% of cocoa

A

Theobromine

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7
Q

Make up 1.5% of coffee beans

A

Caffeine

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8
Q

Important storage forms of nitrogen in many plant species

A

Allantoin and Allantoic Acid

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9
Q

Typical purine nucleoside occurring in higher plants

A

Crotonoside

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10
Q

A number of antibiotics formed by fungi

A

Nucleosides

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11
Q

First compound formed with the purine ring system

A

IMP

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12
Q

Present in plants but it’s metabolic role remains undecided

A

AMP

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13
Q

Pyrimidine components of nucleic acids: (3)

A
  • Uracil
  • Cytosine
  • Thymine
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14
Q

Fairly common minor component in plant nucleic acids

A

Methylcytosine

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15
Q

Normal constituent of transfer RNAs from many plant sources

A

Pseudo-uridine

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16
Q

First pyrimidine nucleotide formed

A

UMP (Uridine Monophosphate)

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17
Q

Describes the sequence and relative contents or % of the DNA molecule

A

Primary level

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18
Q

Has a sense of directionality and individuality

A

Polynucleotides

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19
Q

Regular folding of the DNA and involves complementary pairing between the two bases

A

Secondary level

20
Q

Involves a higher-order folding of elements and supercoiling of the DNA

A

Tertiary Level

21
Q

Interaction of the DNA with other macromolecules, specifically protein

A

Quaternary Level

22
Q

Small proteins that participate in forming nucleosomal structure of the chromatin

A

Histones

23
Q

Product of DNA transcription and contains codon

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

24
Q

Sequence of three bases specifying for an amino acid

A

Codon

25
Q

The only RNA with a specific shape

A

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

26
Q

2-D structure of tRNA

A

cloverleaf

27
Q

3-D structure of tRNA

A

L-shaped

28
Q

Adaptor molecule that recognizes the codon in mRNA and transfers the amino acid corresponding to the codon

A

tRNA

29
Q

Sequence of three bases complementary to the codon

A

Anticodon loop

30
Q

Allows the binding of mRNA in ribosomes and complexes with proteins to form ribosomes

A

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

31
Q

site of protein biosynthesis

A

Ribosomes

32
Q

Turning on or activation of a gene

A

Gene expression

33
Q

Making an identical copy of a section of duplex DNA and in humans, occurs in the cell nucleus

A

Replication

34
Q

Information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule

A

Transcription

35
Q

In transcription, how many strand/s of the DNA is transcribed?

A

1 strand

36
Q

In polymerases, what are Poly 1-3 for?

A

Poly I- rRNA formation
Poly II- mRNA formation
Poly III- tRNA formation

37
Q

Synthesis of proteins by RNA in the ribosome

A

Translation

38
Q

Translation includes what? (3)

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
39
Q

Permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

A

Mutation

40
Q

In mutation, the change may be spontaneous or induced by agents called what?

A

Mutagens

41
Q

Can be a change in a single base, addition or removal of one or more nucleotides in the DNA

A

Point mutations

42
Q

2 types of single base changes

A
  • Transitions
  • Transversions
43
Q

Change of a purine to a purine or a pyramidine to a pyramidine

A

Transitions

44
Q

Change of a pyramidine to a purine or vice versa

A

Transversions

45
Q

Mutations may be due to what? (3)

A
  1. Physical agents
  2. Chemical agents
  3. Viral agents

BIOCHEM QUIZ (4 decks)

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