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BIOCHEM QUIZ > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty acids in lipids generally has ________ numbers of carbon atoms.

A

even

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2
Q

Spherical clusters formed by ions

A

Micelle

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3
Q

Essential Fatty Acids

A

-Linoleic
-Linolenic
-Arachidonic

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4
Q

An ester of glycerol with three fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

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5
Q

Triglycerides rich in unsaturated fatty acids are generally _________ and called what?

A

liquid and oils

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6
Q

Triglycerides rich in saturated fatty acids are generally _________ and called what?

A

Semisolid/solid and fats

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7
Q

Reduction of some or all of the carbon-carbon double bonds of an unsaturated triglyceride using H2 and transition metal catalyst

A

Hardening

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8
Q

Breaking of ester bonds by a molecule of water

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

Reverse of esterification

A

Hydrolysis

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10
Q

Product is glycerol and fatty acid

A

Acidic condition

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11
Q

Product is glycerol and fatty acid salt

A

Basic condition

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12
Q

What do you call it when all the fatty acids are removed?

A

Complete hydrolysis

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13
Q

A fatty acid is left behind in the glycerol

A

Partial Hydrolysis

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14
Q

Alkaline hydrolysis of a fatty acid ester producing glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Saponification

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15
Q

Test for unsaturation

A

Halogenation

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16
Q

Oxidation of the double bond of unsaturated fatty acids in lipids resulting to short chain monocarboxylic acid with off-odor

A

Rancidity

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17
Q

Second most abundant group of naturally occurring lipids

A

Glycerophospholopids

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18
Q

Also called phosphoglycerides

A

Glycerophospholipids

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19
Q

The most abundant glycerophospholipids are derived from?

A

Phosphatidic acid

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20
Q

A molecule in which glycerol is esterified with two molecules of fatty acid and one of phosphoric acid

A

Phosphatidic acid

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21
Q

Three most abundant fatty acids in phosphatidic acids: (3)

A
  • Palmitic
  • Stearic
  • Oleic
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22
Q

Hydrolyzed to yield glycerol, fatty acids, phosphate and an amino alcohol

A

Glycerol Phosphatides

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23
Q

The major lipid components in the myelin sheaths of nerve fiber

A

Sphingolipids

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24
Q

Hydrolyzed to yield sphingosine, fatty acid, phosphate and an amino alcohol

A

Sphingomyelins

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25
Q

contain esters formed from long chain carboxylic acids (c16-26) and long chain alcohol (c24-c36)

A

Waxes

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26
Q

Lipids that does not have an ester bond

A

Non-saponifiable lipids

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27
Q

A group of plant and animal lipids that have this tetracyclic ring structure

A

Steroids

28
Q

Regulate concentration of ions in body fluids

A

Mineralocorticoids

29
Q

Enhance carbohydrate metabolism

A

Glucocorticoids

30
Q

It’s ketone derivatives cortisone exert a powerful anti-inflammatory effects on the body

A

Cortisol

31
Q

Most important mineralocorticoids

A

Aldosterone

32
Q

Female sex hormones

A

Estrogens

33
Q

Male sex hormones

A

Androgens

34
Q

Made in pharmaceutical laboratories as new drugs

A

Synthetic steroids

35
Q

Most abundant and most important steroid in the human body

A

Cholesterol

36
Q

Made by joining together 5-carbon isoprene units

A

Terpenes

37
Q

Terpenes contain carbon atoms in multiples of?

A

5

38
Q

Chemically related to compounds in turpentine called terpenes

A

Terpenoids

39
Q

Derivatives of arachidonic acid; Class of lipids characterized by their localized short-lived hormone-like activity

A

Eicosanoids

40
Q

Play critical roles in numerous biologic processes and is a family of compounds that have the 20- carbon skeleton of prostanoic acid

A

Prostaglandins

41
Q

Enzyme inhibited by Aspirin and other NSAIDs

A

Cyclooxygenase (cox)

42
Q

produce muscle like contractions, especially in the lungs and thereby can cause asthma-like attacks

A

Leukotrienes

43
Q

Chemicals released by some animals that alter the behavior of the same species

A

Pheromones

44
Q

Site of the primary photochemical reaction in vision

A

Vitamin A

45
Q

An antioxidant derived from isoprene

A

Vitamin E

46
Q

Has a regulatory function in blood clotting and derived from isoprene

A

Vitamin K

47
Q

Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism

A

Vitamin D

48
Q

Function is for synthesis of proteins and other substances

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

49
Q

Used for digestion of substances taken into the cell

A

Lysosomes

50
Q

Used for cellular movements

A

Microfilaments and microtubules

51
Q

Used for cellular respiration and energy production

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

What organs do these diseases affect?
1. Tay-Sach’s
2. Gaucher’s
3. Niemann-Pick

A
  1. Tay-Sach’s- Brain
  2. Gaucher’s- Spleen, Liver
  3. Niemann-Pick- several, particularly spleen and liver
53
Q

Form membranes by arranging themselves into a lipid bilayer

A

Phosphoacylglycerols

54
Q

The chief lipid component

A

Phosphoglycerides

55
Q

A part of a membrane that extends all of the way through the membrane such that it has contact with both the cytosol and the external environment

A

Integral membrane protein

56
Q

Proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated

A

Peripheral membrane protein

57
Q

A covalently attached fatty acid such as palmitate or myristate serves to anchor them to either face of the cell

A

Lipid anchored protein

58
Q

Carbohydrate-attached lipids that provides energy and serves as markers for cellular recognition

A

Glycolipids

59
Q

Transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver and also transfer cholesterol to LDL

A

HDL (High-density lipoproteins)

60
Q

Transports cholesterol along with fats

A

Lipoproteins

61
Q

Contain an additional enzyme which adds N-Acetylgalactosamine to the O antigen

A

A-type Blood

62
Q

Contain another enzyme which adds galactose to the O antigen

A

B-type blood

63
Q

What contains both A- type and B- type enzymes

A

AB-type blood

64
Q

lacks both A and B types of enzymes

A

O-type blood

65
Q

T or F:
The presence of the 5th monosaccharides determines the blood type

A

True

BIOCHEM QUIZ (4 decks)

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