Nucleic acids Flashcards
Nucleotide
The monomer of DNA and RNA contains a pentose sugar, a
phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
nitrogenous base
part of a nucleotide
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil
DNA nucleotide
monomer of DNA
contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
complementary base pairs
the base pairs that align opposite each other and form hydrogen bonds
adenine and thymine/ uracil
guanine and cytosine
Polynucleotide
DNA polymer
many nucleotides joined via a condensation reaction
joined by phosphodiester bond
phosphodiester bond
Bond joining 2 nucleotides together
forms between a phosphate group and the pentose sugar
are strong covalent bonds, and
therefore help ensure that the genetic code is not broken down
ribose
pentose sugar
found in RNA nucleotide and ATP
mRNA
a copy of a gene
single-strand polymer
Uracil
Nitrogenous base
found in RNA instead of thymine
tRNA
found only in the cytoplasm
single-stranded but folded to create a clover-like shape
held in place by hydrogen bonds
rRNA
rRNA combines with protein to make ribosomes
DNA template strand
a DNA strand that is used to make a new DNA copy from
both DNA strands in the double helix are used as a template in DNA replication
DNA polymerase
an enzyme in DNA replication
joins together adjacent nucleotides
semi-conservative replication
DNA replication is semi-conservative replication
one strand is from the parental DNA and one strand is newly synthesised
DNA helicase
enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between two chains of DNA in a double helix
causes the 2 template strands to separate
involved in DNA replication and transcription