Nucleic acids Flashcards
What is the function
Stores hereditary information and determines structural and functional characteristics of organisms
What is the structure
- nucleotides joined together in large strands
What are the two main types of acids
- DNA (heredity/genetics, double stranded)
- RNA (makes proteins, single stranded)
What are nucleotides made up of
- phosphate group
- sugar
- nitrogenous base
What nucleotides have what in DNA
- phosphate group
- has deoxyribose as a sugar
- adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine as nitrogenous bases
What nucleotides have what in RNA
- have a phosphate group
- ribose as surges
- contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
What are cytosine, thymine, and uracil called
Pyrimidines (1 ring)
What are adenine and guanine called
Purines (2 rings)
What are the bonding pairs in DNA
Adenine and thymine
Guanine and cytosine
What are the bonding pairs in RNA
Adenine and uracil
Guanine and cytosine
What does adenine and thymine/uracil always form
Two H bonds
What does guanine and cytosine always form
Three hydrogen bonds
How do nucleotides form DNA and RNA
Though the condensation reaction
How through the condensation reaction
A hydroxyl group from the 5’ phosphate group and a hydroxyl group from the 3’ sugar combine and give off water
What is the bond formed between nucleotides called
Phosphodiester bond
What is the structure of DNA
- consists of two strands of nucleotides
- 2 strands held together by H bonds between the nitrogenous bases
- 3’ is used to debit the sugar end of the nucleotide strand
-5’ is used to denote the phosphate end of the nucleotide strand
What is is called when two strands run in opposite directions
Antiparallel
