Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What is the function of DNA and RNA
Both carry information.
DNA is genetic info
RNA carries genetic info from DNA to ribosomes.
What is the structure of a nucleotide?
Consists of phosphate, pentose (5-Carbon) Sugar and Organic Base (containing Nitrogen).
What are the differences in structure between a DNA nucleotide and RNA nucleotide?
DNA nucleotide has a deoxyribose sugar.
RNA nucleotide has a ribose sugar.
DNA has bases guanine, cytosine, adenine and THYMINE.
RNA has bases guanine, cytosine, adenine and URACIL.
What are Purines?
Double Ringed Bases which are Adenine and Guanine.
What are Pyrimidines?
Single Ringed bases which are Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil.
How do two nucleotides join together?
A condensation reaction forms a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides.
What is the structure of DNA?
Two polynucleotide chains in a double helix shape joined by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
What is the structure of RNA?
Relatively short polynucleotide chain.
How are two opposing nucleotides joined at the bases?
Complementary bases join with hydrogen bonds.
How many hydrogen bonds form between Adenine and Thymine?
2 hydrogen bonds.
How many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?
3 hydrogen bonds.
How do two nucleotides join together?
A condensation reaction which forms phosphodiester bonds. This requires energy from ATP.
