nucleic acids

Question 1

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

what is a nucleotide formed of?

Answer 2

pentose sugar
phosphate group
base

Question 3

what is a pentose sugar?

Answer 3

sugar containing 5 carbons

Question 4

where is a phosphodiester bond?

Answer 4

phosphdiester bond = 2 ester bonds and a phosphate group

Question 5

how are nucleotides joined?

Answer 5

by a condesatio reaction to form a polynucleotide strand with a sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 6

what bases pair together?

Answer 6

A + T

C + G

Question 7

how many hydrogen bonds are between C and G

Answer 7

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 8

how many hydrogen bonds are between A and T?

Answer 8

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 9

what is the name of each base

Answer 9

A = adenine
T = thymine
C = cytosine
G = guanine

Question 10

what is a purine?

Answer 10

larger
2 rings of atoms

Question 11

which bases are purines?

Answer 11

A and G

Question 12

what is a pyrimadine?

Answer 12

smaller
1 ring of atoms

Question 13

which bases are pyramindines?

Answer 13

C and T

Question 14

what did watson and crick do?

Answer 14

determined double helix structure

Question 15

what is the structure of mRNA described as?

Answer 15

single helix

Question 16

what is the shape of tRNA described as?

Answer 16

a clover

Question 17

what are the bases in mRNA called?

Answer 17

A - adenine
U - urasil
C - cytosine
G - guanine

Question 18

what is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA?

Answer 18

deoxyribose sugar

Question 19

what is the name of the pentose sugar in mRNA?

Answer 19

ribose

Question 20

what is the name of the pentose sugar in tRNA?

Answer 20

ribose

Question 21

why is it good that dna is a long molecule that can coil?

Answer 21

it stores a large amount of genetic information in a compact shape

Question 22

what is the function of the bases in a specific sequence?

Answer 22

the base sequence is the genetic code so determines the primary structure of a protein

Question 23

why is it good the hydrogen bonds are weak so the strands can split easily?

Answer 23

allows to split for replication

Question 24

what is the function of dna being in a helical structure?

Answer 24

protects the weak hydrogen bonds and helps make sure the molecule is stable

Question 25

how does DNA replicate?

Answer 25

semi-conservatively

Question 26

what are the stages of DNA replication?

Answer 26

1. original DNA molecule unwound by DNA helicase 2. DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases 3. free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm are attracted to the exposed bases 4. DNA polymerase joins the complementary bases in a condensation reaction 5. 2 identical strands of DNA are formed, each containing half of the original strand

Question 27

how much of the original strand does the new strand contain?

Answer 27

half

Question 28

why are DNA strands separated by high temperatures?

Answer 28

high temperatures break the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases