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biology - biological molecules (3.1) > nucleic acids > Flashcards

nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

what is a nucleotide formed of?

A

pentose sugar
phosphate group
base

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3
Q

what is a pentose sugar?

A

sugar containing 5 carbons

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4
Q

where is a phosphodiester bond?

A

phosphdiester bond = 2 ester bonds and a phosphate group

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5
Q

how are nucleotides joined?

A

by a condesatio reaction to form a polynucleotide strand with a sugar-phosphate backbone

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6
Q

what bases pair together?

A

A + T

C + G

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7
Q

how many hydrogen bonds are between C and G

A

3 hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

how many hydrogen bonds are between A and T?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

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9
Q

what is the name of each base

A

A = adenine
T = thymine
C = cytosine
G = guanine

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10
Q

what is a purine?

A

larger
2 rings of atoms

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11
Q

which bases are purines?

A

A and G

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12
Q

what is a pyrimadine?

A

smaller
1 ring of atoms

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13
Q

which bases are pyramindines?

A

C and T

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14
Q

what did watson and crick do?

A

determined double helix structure

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15
Q

what is the structure of mRNA described as?

A

single helix

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16
Q

what is the shape of tRNA described as?

A

a clover

17
Q

what are the bases in mRNA called?

A

A - adenine
U - urasil
C - cytosine
G - guanine

18
Q

what is the name of the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

deoxyribose sugar

19
Q

what is the name of the pentose sugar in mRNA?

A

ribose

20
Q

what is the name of the pentose sugar in tRNA?

A

ribose

21
Q

why is it good that dna is a long molecule that can coil?

A

it stores a large amount of genetic information in a compact shape

22
Q

what is the function of the bases in a specific sequence?

A

the base sequence is the genetic code so determines the primary structure of a protein

23
Q

why is it good the hydrogen bonds are weak so the strands can split easily?

A

allows to split for replication

24
Q

what is the function of dna being in a helical structure?

A

protects the weak hydrogen bonds and helps make sure the molecule is stable

25
Q

how does DNA replicate?

A

semi-conservatively

26
Q

what are the stages of DNA replication?

A
  1. original DNA molecule unwound by DNA helicase
  2. DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases
  3. free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm are attracted to the exposed bases
  4. DNA polymerase joins the complementary bases in a condensation reaction
  5. 2 identical strands of DNA are formed, each containing half of the original strand
27
Q

how much of the original strand does the new strand contain?

A

half

28
Q

why are DNA strands separated by high temperatures?

A

high temperatures break the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

biology - biological molecules (3.1) (9 decks)

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