Nucleic acids.

Question 1

What is the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 2

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 3

Ribonucleic acid

Question 4

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 4

• A pentose sugar
• A nitrogenous base
• A phosphate group

Question 5

What are nucleotides called if they have more than one phosphate group?

Answer 5

Phosphorylated

Question 6

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 6

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 7

How many phosphate groups does ATP have?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

What does ADP stand for?

Answer 8

Adenosine diphosphate

Question 9

How many phosphate groups does ADP have?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

Answer 10

Hydrogen bond.

Question 11

What does adenine (A) pair with in DNA?

Answer 11

Thymine (T)

Question 12

What does cytosine (C) pair with in DNA?

Answer 12

Guanine (G)

Question 13

What does thymine (T) pair with in DNA

Answer 13

Adenine (A)

Question 14

What does guanine (G) pair with in DNA?

Answer 14

Cytosine (C)

Question 15

What does adenine (A) pair with in RNA?

Answer 15

Uracil (U)

Question 16

What does thymine (T) pair with in RNA?

Answer 16

Adenine (A)

Question 17

Is thymine, cytosine and uracil a pyrimidine or a purine?

Answer 17

Pyrimidine

Question 18

Is adenine and guanine a pyrimidine of purine?

Answer 18

Purine

Question 19

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 19

• Contains a double helix structure
• Contains two polynucleotide chains running anti-parallel to each other
• They are long
• Each molecule contains a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base (A, G, C or T)

Question 20

What is a purine?

Answer 20

An organic (nitrogenous) base that has two rings in its structure.

Question 21

What is a pyrimidine?

Answer 21

An organic (nitrogenous) base that has one rings in its structure.

Question 22

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between A and T?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

How many hydrogen bonds are formed between C and G?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

What is meant by “anti-parallel”

Answer 24

• The two polynucleotides run in opposite directions
• “Opposite directions” refers to the direction that the 3rd and 5th carbon molecules (on the pentose sugar) are facing.

Question 25

What is meant by the “3rd” and “5th” ends?

Answer 25

• The 5th end of the molecule is where the phosphate group is attached to the 3rd carbon atom of the deoxyribose sugar.
• The 3rd end of the molecule is where the phosphate group is attached to the 5th carbon atom of the deoxyribose sugar.

Question 26

What is the genome?

Answer 26

The complete genetic material of an organism

Question 27

Why does DNA have to be copied every time a cell divides?

Answer 27

So that each new daughter cell receives the full set of genetic instructions

Question 28

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 28

• Has a ribose sugar molecule
• Has the nitrogenous base uracil
• Polynucleotide chain is single stranded
• The polynucleotide chain is shorter.

Question 29

What is a gene?

Answer 29

Specific lengths of DNA

Question 30

What is mRNA

Answer 30

Messenger RNA

Question 31

What is tRNA

Answer 31

Transfer RNA

Question 32

What is rRNA

Answer 32

Ribosomal RNA

Question 33

The genetic code is “universal”
What does this mean?

Answer 33

All organisms contain the same triplets of DNA base codes for the same amino acids.

Question 34

The genetic code is non-overlapping.
What does this mean?

Answer 34

Each codon only codes for its particular amino acid.

Question 35

The genetic code is degenerate.
What does this mean?

Answer 35

A given amino acid can be encoded by more than one nucleotide triplet.