Nucleic acids

Question 1

Functions of nucleic acid

Answer 1

1. Store genetic information
2. Transmission of genetic information
   3.Gene expression
   4.Gene regulation in cells

Question 2

What is central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 2

Genetic information is stored in DNA.

Segments of DNA that encode proteins or other functional products are called genes.

Gene sequences are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA).

mRNA are translated into proteins that perform most life functions.

Question 3

How big is major and minor groove

Answer 3

Major grooves = 22 A apart

Minor grooves = 12 A apart

Bases exposed in grooves can interact with other molecules: proteins, drugs.

Question 4

How many H-bonds in
1. G-C
2. A-T

Answer 4

1. 3 bonds
2. 2 bonds

Question 5

What is DNA melting

Answer 5

Separation of double helix DNA into single stranded DNA at high temperatures

Question 6

What is DNA annealing

Answer 6

The single strands anneal to form dsDNA again when cooled slowly. Annealing temperature depends on length of DNA. Longer strands - higher annealing temp

Question 7

Function of NAD

Answer 7

electron carriers for oxidation reactions in TCA cycle and electron transport chain.

Question 8

Function of FAD

Answer 8

assist dehydrogenase enzymes in catabolism of fat, carbohydrates and aa, and synthesis of fats and steroids

Question 9

Function of CoA

Answer 9

necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids,fatty acids, and other biomolecules

Question 10

Role of tropoisomerase and helicase in DNA replication

Answer 10

Topoisomerase - untwists DNA

Helicase - unwinds

Question 11

3 types of rna polymerase

Answer 11

I-nucleolus rRNA
II-nucleoplasm mRNA
III-nucleoplasm rRNA

Question 12

How do proteins degrade

Answer 12

Proteosomes degrade proteins with ubiquitine tags