Nucleic Acids Flashcards
What is the first step in the replication of DNA?
The DNA strands unwind and seperate
What does DNA helicase do?
It breaks down the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
What enzyme breaks down hydrogen bonds between complementary bases?
DNA Helicase
What enzyme is used when each strand of DNA makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides?
DNA Polymerase
What is the function of DNA Polymerase?
It is used when each strand of DNA makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides?
What is the process of DNA replication called?
Semi Conservative Replication
Where does mRNA function?
In the nucleus, migrates to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Where does tRNA function?
Cytoplasm
Where does rRNA function?
Cytoplasm
What is the function of mRNA?
To carry the DNA sequence information to ribosomes.
What is the function of tRNA?
Provides linkage between mRNA and amino acids; transfers amino acids to ribosomes.
What is rRNA?
A structural component of ribosomes.
What 3 stages does protein synthesis consist of?
1.Transcription
2. Activation
3. Translation
What happens during transcription?
DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA.
How many subunits does a ribosome consist of?
2 (small and large)
What subunit of the ribosome is the mRNA molecule attached to?
The small subunit.
What 2 sites does the large subunit have?
Peptide site and amino acid site
What are exons?
Regions of DNA that code for proteins
What are introns?
Regions of non coding DNA between exons
What is RNA Splicing?
When introns must be cut out of the mRNA before the mRNA leaves the nucleus
