Digestion Flashcards
What are the two types of proteases?
Endopeptidase, Exopeptidase
Where to endopeptidases cut?
In the middle of the polypeptide
Where do exopeptidases cut?
At the terminal ends
What is peristalsis?
Rhythmic contractions of the gut
What are the ridges in the stomach called?
Rugae
What is the function of rugae?
Help with the mechanical breakdown of food
Where is the cardiac sphincter found?
At the top of the stomach
Where is the pyloric sphincter found?
At the bottom of the sphincter
What do goblect cells do?
Secrete mucus to protect the stomach walls from enzymes and acid
What released HCl?
The oxyntic cells
What does HCl do?
Kills most bacteria
Provided the optimum pH for enzymes
Activates pepsinogen
What is the function of rennin?
Curdles milk
What is the pH of the stomach?
1-2
Where is pepsin found?
In the gastric juice
Is pepsin an endo or exo peptidase?
An endopeptidase
What releases pepsin as inactive pepsinogen?
The chief cells
What organ produces bile?
The liver
Where is bile stored?
In the gallbladder
What are the two functions of bile?
Emulsifies lipids into small droplets
Aids in neutralising stomach acid
What do the exocrine glands in the pancreas secrete?
Pancreatic juice
What does pancreatic juice contain?
Endopeptidases, exopeptidases, amylase, lipase
Where are Brunner’s Glands found?
In the sub mucosa of the duodenum
What do Brunner’s Glands secrete?
Mucus, Alkaline juice
What is the inactive form of trypsin?
Trypsinogen
What type of enzyme is trypsin?
An endopeptidase
What secretes trypsin?
The pancreas
What activates trypsinogen into trypsin?
Enterokinase
Where are microvilli found?
On the surface of the villi
Where are glucose and amino acids absorbed?
Across the epithelium of the villi
Where do fatty acids and glycerol diffuse?
Through the epithelium cell and enter the lacteal
Where is a lacteal found?
In the centre of the villus
What is the function of the muscularis mucosa?
Lets the villi move
Where is the muscularis mucosa found?
Under the mucosa
What does the colon absorb?
Water
