Nucleic Acids

Question 1

Nucleotides are ____

Answer 1

Monomeric units of DNA and RNA macromolecules

Question 2

KNOW Nucleotides consist of ____

Answer 2

1) base
2) sugar
3) phosphate

Question 3

Two types of sugar are __

Answer 3

Ribose and Deoxyribose (DNA and RNA)

Question 4

KNOW Ribose contains __, whereas Deoxyribose contains ___

Answer 4

Ribose: OH
Deoxyribose: H

Question 5

What is a beta-glycosidic linkage?

Answer 5

Links two sugars; beta if directed up from C1, alpha if directed down from C1

Question 6

The sugar-phosphate backbone is connected by what?

Answer 6

phosphodiester linkages

Question 7

What are some aspects of the structure of DNA?

Answer 7

1) Two strands are double helix
2) Two strands are anti-parallel orientation

Question 8

The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the __ of the helix, the bases are on the __ of the helix

Answer 8

sugar-phosphate backbone: outside of helix

bases: inside of helix

Question 9

The base pairs are ___ to ____

Answer 9

Base pairs are perpendicular to helix axis

Question 10

KNOW It takes ___ bases to complete 1 turn (360 rotation)

Answer 10

10.4 bases

Question 11

1 turn = ____

Answer 11

34 Angstrom

Question 12

Diameter of the helix is ___

Answer 12

20 Angstrom

Question 13

Base pairs are separated by ___

Answer 13

3.4 Angstrom

Question 14

Base pairs are held together by ___

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Base pairing facilitates

Answer 15

1) stability of the DNA double helix
2) formation of major and minor grooves

Question 16

What bases are on the minor groove side?

Answer 16

Adenine and Thymine

Question 17

What does the major groove do?

Answer 17

exposes a larger “surface” of the base (pair) for sequence specific recognition.