Chemical Bonds and Functional Groups Flashcards
Rank the 4 types of chemical bonds in order of increasing strength
Hydrophobic interactions (nonpolar molecules) < van der waals < ionic bonds < covalent bonds
How are covalent bonds characterized?
Sharing of electrons, much stronger than non-covalent but NOT reversible and repeated
How are non-covalent bonds characterized?
much weaker than covalent bonds; reversible, repeated
What are the different types of non-covalent bonds?
1) Ionic bonds
2) Hydrogen bonds
3) Van der waals
4) Hydrophobic interactions
How are ionic bonds characterized?
electrostatic interactions/salt bridges
How are hydrogen bonds characterized? (2 points)
1) between HYDROGEN and ELECTRONEGATIVE atoms (commonly O and N)
2) can be disrupted by water
How are Van der Waals interactions characterized?
electrostatic interactions
of partial (“transient asymmetry”) charges
How are hydrophobic interactions characterized?
interactions between non-polar molecules
What functional group is this?
Hydrocarbon chains, aromatics
Hydrophobic (non-polar)
Which of these two forms of Oleic acid can pack “tighter together”?
Which of these two forms would have a higher melting point?
When lipids (oils) pack tighter, they become less fluid. Thus, elaidic acid would be more solid (at a given temperature) and would require a higher temperature to melt (become liquid).
Which of these two forms of 18-carbon long fatty acids can pack
“tighter together”?
Which of these two forms would have a higher melting point?
Saturated fatty acids (only single bonds) pack tighter than unsaturated fatty acids (has double bond). Thus, stearic acid would have a higher melting point.
What functional group is this?
Hydroxyl
What functional group is this?
Aldehyde
What functional group is this?
Ketone
What functional group is this?
Carboxylic acid
What functional group is this?
Amine
What functional group is this?
Phosphate
What functional group is this?
Thiols
