Nucleic Acid Structure And Replication

Question 1

What are the requirements for genetic material?

Answer 1

• information
• replication
• transmission
• variation

Question 2

What is the DNA structure composed of ?

Answer 2

• phosphate group
• pentode sugar (deoxyribose)
• nitrogenous base

Question 3

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 3

Purines have 2 shapes connected and they are usually (A and G)
Pyrimidines have 1 shape and they are usually C and T

Question 4

Bonds of DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleotides covalently bonded
- Phoshodiester bond - phosphate group links 2 sugars
- Hydrogen are the bonds between the bases

Question 5

What are the BACKBONES of DNA?

Answer 5

The backbones are phosphates and sugars and the bases are projected from the backbone

Question 6

What direction does the DNA go?

Answer 6

DNA goes from 5 prime to 3 prime.
- double-stranded helix
- uniform diameter
- right-handed twist
And DNA is antiparallel

Question 7

Levels of DNA

Answer 7

-nucleotides
- form a strand
- double helix
- chromosomes
- genome ( complement of an organisms genetic material)

Question 8

What is DNA wrapped around?

Answer 8

Wrapped around histones which are made of proteins, then those make nucleosomes that compact a 30 nm fiber that originates into a radial loop domain

Question 9

Is DNA conservative or semi conservative ?

Answer 9

DNA is semi conservative because each daughter dna molecule consists of one new chain of nucleotides and one from the parent dna molecule

Question 10

What is the process of dna? 1,2,and 3

Answer 10

1.) replication complex
-recognizes origin of replication
2.) helicase is used to unwind
- replicates in both directions, forms two replication forks (can have 100 origins of replication )
3.) DNA polymerase binds to template strand
- covalently links nucleus
- dna topiomerase

Question 11

What does DNA helicase do ?

Answer 11

DNA helicase does the unzipping of DNA strands.

Question 12

What does DNA polymerase do?

Answer 12

DNA polymerase add strands together and primate makes primer strand

Question 13

WHERE ARE NEW BASES ADDED?

Answer 13

New bases are added to 3 prime end but strands are parallel

Question 14

What are the leading and lagging strands of DNA ?

Answer 14

LEADING STRAND - 5 prime to 3’
Laggin strand - 3 prime to 5 prime

Question 15

What is DNA Ligase?

Answer 15

DNA ligase is like the glue that sticks Okazaki fragments together

Question 16

DNA polymerase?

Answer 16

DNA polymerase proofreads and when it recognizes an error it removes the wrong nucleotide and puts the correct one