Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
The equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O. Remember there is not 6 in front of glucose.
What substance is the most common use for energy ?
The most common use for energy is glucose and it is important to remember that half of the energy from glucose is collected in ATP. Highly exergonic!
What are the 4 pathways included in cellular respiration?
- GLYCOLYISIS
- PREPARATION REACTION
- CITRIC ACID CYCLE/ KREB CYCLE
- OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
What happens during glycolysis and what ends up being the products?
During glycolysis: glucose gets turned into 2 pyruvate that both contain 3 carbons, and some products that it produces is 2ATP and 2NADH2.
There are 3 phases in glycolysis which deals with energy investment, cleavage (break/split apart carbon), energy liberation (release energy), and glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen.
During the preparation reaction, what occurs ?
The 2 pyruvate turns into 2 Acetyl - CoA (coenzyme A) with 2 carbons, and this process produces 2CO2 and 2 NADH2.
Also, what happens during this phase is that pyruvate goes into the mitochondrial matrix —> gets broken down by pyruvate dehydrogenase —> one molecule of CO2 removed from each pyruvate —> remaining acetyl group attach to coA which results to acetyl coA —> NADH2 made for each pyruvate
During the citric acid cycle (which happens twice) what is produced?
The 2 Acetyl CoA which has 2 carbons produce 4CO2, 2ATP, 6NADH2, 2FADH2.
OAA is reformed = ATP in process and making more high-energy electron carriers
THIS PROCESS HAPPENS IN THE MATRIX
During oxidative phosphorylation what occurs. In detail !
Oxidative phosphorylation is the removal of electrons, so lots of NADH2 creates lots of ATP.
This process happens with the use of the electron transport chain —> phosphorylation ATP synthase
- high energy electrons remove NADH2 and FADH2 which equals ATP
- Electrons from NADH2 and FADH2 are passed from 1 molecule to the next and during this process electrons lose energy with every step ( exergonic).
What is the Final ELECTRON acceptor?
The final electron acceptor is H2O
When electrons move in the electron transport chain what occurs?
As the electrons move they generate H+ electrochemical gradient.
What happens to H+ ions when they are dispelled from the electron transport chain ?
The H+ ions flow back across the membrane and flows through ATP synthase (down concentration gradient) which spins.
Why is the mitochondria folded ?
The mitochondria is folded so there is more surface tension which increases the amount of ATP.
Why do Runners eat Carbs ?
They eat carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to increase ATP production.
Why does fermentation occur?
It occurs when there is no oxygen available to proceed to do cellular respiration.
Fermentation regenerates ________? And what type of fermentation do humans do? Why?
Fermentation regenerates NAD+ in order to keep glycolysis occurring.
Humans produce lactate fermentation which is used in pickles and cheese (lactic acid). Lactate fermentation in white fibers supports activities that occurs in short intense bursts.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Anaerobic carbohydrates (glucose) break down pathway that produces ATP and ethyl. 2 ATP made and 2 pairs of ethyl.
