Nuclear Physics

Question 1

What is a half life

Answer 1

The amount of time taken for half of a large sample nuclei to decay

Question 2

What is activity

Answer 2

The rate at which nuclear decay occurs

Question 3

What is a Geiger counter

Answer 3

A device capable of detecting radioactive particles therefore activity as well

Question 4

Give me the half life equation

Answer 4

N=No(1dived by2) to the power n

Question 5

What’ is N In the half life equation

Answer 5

Number of unstable nuclei which is current

Question 6

What is No in the half life equation

Answer 6

Original activity

Question 7

What is small letter n in the half life equation

Answer 7

The number of half lives

Question 8

What is the number of half life equation

Answer 8

n=t dived by t half

Question 9

What is t in the other half life equation

Answer 9

Time passed

Question 10

What is t half in the number of half life equation

Answer 10

Time of a single half life

Question 11

Give me a use of half life

Answer 11

Measuring age

Question 12

What are the three types of decay

Answer 12

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

Question 13

What can stop alpha particles

Answer 13

Our skin

Question 14

What can be penetrated by Beta and what can not be penetrated by Beta

Answer 14

Skin
Aluminium

Question 15

What can stop gamma radiation

Answer 15

Seven mm of lead
Several m of concrete

Question 16

Why does ALPHA have high ionisation ability

Answer 16

It has a charge of +2

Question 17

Why does beta particles have medium ionisation ability

Answer 17

Has a charge of -1

Question 18

Why does gamma have low ionising ability

Answer 18

It has no mass or charge

Question 19

Why is alpha particles easily stopped

Answer 19

Has a 2+ charge and is very heavy

Question 20

Why is beta easily stopped by several mm of aluminium

Answer 20

Has a -1 charge and a small mass

Question 21

Why is gamma easily stopped by several metres of concrete or several cm of lead

Answer 21

It has no charge and no mass

Question 22

What is artificial transmutation

Answer 22

Nuclear decay which can be force upon a nuclide through human involvement

Question 23

Define transmutation

Answer 23

Changing the nucleus

Question 24

What is mass defect

Answer 24

the difference in mass between an atom and the sum of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom

Question 25

What is binding energy

Answer 25

the minimum energy required to disassemble a nucleus into its constituent particles (free protons and neutrons).

Question 26

What is background radiation

Answer 26

Materials in a particular place and or the geology of a particular region

Question 27

what is radioactive decay

Answer 27

the spontaneous breakdown of the nucleus of an atom resulting in the emission of particles or rays. There are three main types of decay.

Question 28

what is alpha decay

Answer 28

occurs when an atom is unstable as it has too much mass

Question 29

what do alpha particles consist of?

Answer 29

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons, like a helium nucleus

Question 30

what is the SI unit of absorbed dose

Answer 30

The S.I. unit for absorbed dose is the GRAY

Question 31

what is one GRAY equal to

Answer 31

1 Gy = 1 joule of energy absorbed per kilogram.

Question 32

what is the formula of dose equivalent

Answer 32

dose equivalent = absorbed dose x QF

Question 33

what are the SI unit for DOSE EQUIVALENT

Answer 33

SIEVETS (Sv)

Question 34

what is nuclear fission

Answer 34

the splitting of the nucleus of an atom to produce two relatively equal daughter products together with a large amount of energy

Question 35

what is fusion

Answer 35

Fusion involves the joining of two light atomic nuclei to form one heavier nucleus

Question 36

The higher the binding energy per nucleon in the nucleus,

Answer 36

the more energy that is required to break apart the nucleus of the atom and hence the more stable the nucleus is!

Question 37

Give me methods safety and shielding against radiation exposure

Answer 37

keep your distance limit your time use shielding

Question 38

what is activity

Answer 38

The activity of a radioactive sample is defined as the number of nuclei which decay each second

Question 39

were does terrestrial background radiation come from

Answer 39

1.fallout from nuclear explosions emissions from nuclear power stations and radioactive waste 2.medical uses – treatment of disease and research 3.use in factories – production lines to check if packets are full or thickness of materials. 4.use at home – luminous watches, gun sights, exit signs, gas mantles, smoke detectors 5.from the food we eat and from water sources building materials and soil 6.radon gas (more of a problem for colder climates)

Question 40

what is the highest annual safe level of radiation exposure

Answer 40

The highest annual safe level of radiation exposure is 100 mSv/year.

Question 41

safety and shielding from radiation exposure

Answer 41

limit time ,increase distance,use shielding

Question 42

what is the formula of binding energy

Answer 42

E=Δmc2

Question 43

how to calculate binding energy

Answer 43

Step 1. Calculate the mass defect. This is the: difference in mass between a nucleus and the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus or difference in mass between an atom and the sum of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atom.

Question 44

describe the role of a fuel rod in a nuclear reactor

Answer 44

contain the nuclear material which under goes fission releasing energy

Question 45

what is the function of a control rod in a nuclear reactor

Answer 45

absorb neutrons to control the rate of fission occcuring in fuel rods

Question 46

what is the role of the moderator in the nuclear reactor

Answer 46

slows down fast neutrons emmited from fission to make them suitable to continue fission chain reaction

Question 47

what is the role of the coolant in the nuclear reactor

Answer 47

absorbs the energy released by fission events used to power an electric generator

Question 48

other than death describe the effect of radiation exposure can have on a human

Answer 48

can cause vomiting ,nausea hair loss, skin burns,loss of imune system

Question 49

describe the role of a radiotracer

Answer 49

a radiotracer is a chemical containing a radiosotope that travels throughout the body

Question 50

What is a radioisotope

Answer 50

Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an element