Nuclear energy Flashcards
What are some methods of finding uranium?
Geiger counter, scintillation counter and trial drilling
Magnetometry, gravimetry, spectroscopy and seismic surveys
What does a Geiger counter detect?
Beta particles, gamma rays and radioactive emissions
What do scintillation counters measure?
Ionising radiation
What is nuclear energy?
The conversion of small amounts of matter through the fission or fusion of atomic nuclei
What is E=mc^2?
Energy released = mass of matter lost x speed of light^2
What atoms are used in fission?
Uranium 235 and plutonium 239
What atoms are used in fusion?
Hydrogen 2 and 3
What are the benefits of nuclear power stations?
Small quantities of reactants required (smaller power stations), don’t need to be located by source and natural uranium can be enriched
What is the equivalent of uranium energy to coal energy?
13,000kg of coal gives the same amount of energy as 1kg of uranium
What is the cycle of fission?
Neutrons are bombarding a fissile nuclei, which splits to release large amounts of heat energy, waste products and more neutrons which can be used for the next nuclei
What are control rods?
Rods made of the substance needed, one emitting neutrons and the other is a source of uranium
Why is nuclear used as the ‘base load’ electricity?
Slow to turn on and off
What are the limitations of nuclear?
Complex technology- expensive, only in advanced societies, public oppression, military or terrorism use, disposal of waste, uncertainty in total cost
What are the environmental issues associated with nuclear
Mining- habitat loss, noise, dust, turbid drainage water and hazardous waste
High embodied energy- contribution to GCC
Reactor accidents and radioactive waste- health risk
How is radiation harm reduced for workers?
Radiation absorbing materials, dose limits, maximum time for exposure, dust suppression, remote handling of material, minimum distance from source, PPE, detection equipment and decontamination procedures