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Chemistry > Nuclear Chemistry Review > Flashcards

Nuclear Chemistry Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the strength of beta radiation’s penetrating power?

A

It has some penetrating power (not weak or strong).

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1
Q

What is the strength of alpha radiation’s penetrating power?

A

Low penetrating power.

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2
Q

What is the strength of gamma radiation’s penetrating power?

A

High penetrating power.

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3
Q

How are alpha rays deflected on a charged field?

A

They curve in one direction when deflected.

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4
Q

How is beta radiation deflected in a charged field?

A

It’s deflected in the opposite direction of an alpha particle.

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5
Q

How is gamma radiation deflected on a charged field?

A

It doesn’t curve at all when deflected.

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6
Q

What is an alpha particle made from?

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

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7
Q

What type of nucleus is an alpha particle?

A

A Helium nucleus.

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8
Q

Where is a beta particle released from?

A

Inside a radioactive nucleus

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9
Q

What happens to neutrons when beta particles are produced?

A

A neutron is split into 1 proton and 1 electron.

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10
Q

What is the charge of an alpha particle?

A

Positive

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11
Q

What is the charge of a beta particle?

A

Negative

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12
Q

What is the charge of a gamma particle?

A

It has no charge.

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13
Q

How can alpha radiation be stopped?

A

Sheet of paper

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14
Q

What can beta radiation be stopped?

A

Aluminum

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15
Q

What can gamma radiation be stopped?

A

Concrete or lead

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16
Q

What do beta particles do to neutrons?

A

They change them to protons.

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17
Q

What is half life?

A

The amount of time it takes half the atoms in radioactive sample to decay.

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18
Q

What is radioactive decay?

A

The process in which unstable atoms become more stable by emitting particles or/and electromagnetic radiation.

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19
Q

What are rays released from?

A

A radioactive nucleus.

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20
Q

What is transmutation?

A

The changing of one atom to another during radioactive decay.

21
Q

What happens to particles that undergo alpha decay?

A

They turn into another element with an atomic number 2 less than before and a mass 4 less than before.

22
Q

What is different about a more stable nucleus?

A

It has a longer half life.

23
Q

What do gamma rays travel the same as?

A

The speed of light.

24
Q

What happens in a chain reaction?

A

Products that start a new reaction are released.

25
Q

How does charge determine atomic number in a beta particle?

A

The atomic number is raised by 1 if it’s positive and lowered by 1 if it’s negative.

26
Q

What happens in gamma decay?

A

Unstable atomic nucleus spreads energy by gamma emission, producing gamma rays.

27
Q

What happens in positron emission?

A

A proton is converted to a neutron by removing positron.

28
Q

What happens in electron capture?

A

An inner orbital electron is captured by its own atom.

29
Q

What is the symbol for alpha decay?

A

4 He

2

30
Q

What is the symbol(s) for beta decay? Plus or minus?

A

0 B or 0 e

-1 -1

31
Q

What is the symbol(s) for positron emission? Plus or minus?

A

0 B or 0 e

+1 +1

32
Q

What is the symbol(s) for electron capture?

A

0 B or 0 e

-1 -1

33
Q

What is the symbol for gamma decay?

A

0 Y

0

34
Q

What are gamma rays?

A

High energy electromagnetic waves, change from excited to ground state.

35
Q

What do gamma rays produce and undergo?

A

They produce nuclear particles and undergo transitions.

36
Q

When does gamma emission occur?

A

After gamma decay.

37
Q

What happens to the nucleus in fission?

A

It splits.

38
Q

What kind of waste does nuclear fission release?

A

Harmful waste.

39
Q

Where does nuclear fission take place?

A

In a nuclear power plant.

40
Q

What happens to an atom that undergoes nuclear fission?

A

The atom splits into two parts and releases energy.

41
Q

What happens to atoms that undergo nuclear fusion?

A

They combine together to form a single massive atom.

42
Q

What type of waste does nuclear fusion release?

A

Harmless waste

43
Q

What does fusion require to occur?

A

It requires a lot of heat.

44
Q

Where does nuclear fusion occur?

A

The sun

45
Q

What are some similarities between nuclear fission and fusion?

A

1) Produce energy
2) Efficient
3) Involve nuclei
4) Produce waste
5) Electricity

46
Q

What happens to mass in nuclear fission?

A

It changes from mass to energy.

47
Q

What happens to mass in nuclear fusion?

A

Mass combines together

48
Q

What is the bottom number in product/reactant equation?

A

The atomic number

49
Q

What is the top number in a product/reactant equation?

A

The atomic mass

Chemistry (16 decks)

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