Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

most penetrating to least penetrating particle

Answer 1

(smallest to largest) atomic particle (neutron, proton, electron) > gamma > x-ray > beta > alpha

Question 2

particle in Alpha Decay

Answer 2

4, 2 He

Question 3

particle in Beta Decay

Answer 3

0, -1 β

Question 4

particle in Gamma Emission

Answer 4

0, 0 γ

Question 5

particle in Positron Emission

Answer 5

0, 1 β

Question 6

particles in Electron Capture

Answer 6

0, -1 e and 0,0 γ

Question 7

4 guidelines for nuclear stability

Answer 7

> 84 protons, n/p > 1, even no. of nucleons are more stable than odd (protons higher priority), and nuclides of 7 magic number are more stable

Question 8

7 magic numbers of stability of neutron

Answer 8

20, 28, 82, 50, 126, 2, 8

Question 9

proton-deficient will undergo

Answer 9

Beta decay

Question 10

proton-rich will undergo

Answer 10

Positron emission or e- capture

Question 11

Carbon dating

Answer 11

C-14 (by Willard Libby)

Question 12

Uranium-lead dating

Answer 12

U-238

Question 13

Nuclear power generation

Answer 13

U-235

Question 14

Water content in body

Answer 14

H-3

Question 15

Cancer treatment

Answer 15

Co-60

Question 16

Thyroid defects

Answer 16

I-131

Question 17

Heart scan

Answer 17

Tl-201

Question 18

Brain, liver, and kidney scans

Answer 18

Tc-99*

Question 19

half-life of tritium

Answer 19

12.3 years

Question 20

half-life of C-14

Answer 20

5730 years

Question 21

half-life of K-40

Answer 21

1.26x10^9 years

Question 22

half-life of Co-60

Answer 22

5.26 years

Question 23

half-life of Sr-90

Answer 23

28.1 years

Question 24

half-life of I-131

Answer 24

8.05 days

Question 25

half-life of Ra-226

Answer 25

1600 years

Question 26

half-life of U-235 and U-238

Answer 26

0.71x10^9 years, 4.5x10^9 years

Question 27

Kidney scans

Answer 27

Hg-197

Question 28

half-life of Rb-83 and Rb-87

Answer 28

86.2 days, 48.8x10^9 years