NTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY, MHC & ANTIGEN I

Question 1

Substance capable of
stimulating an immune
response, whether humoral
or cell-mediated, or both

leads to immune response

Answer 1

immunogen

Question 2

Substance recognized
by the immune system;
serves as target of an
immune response

does not necessarily lead to an immune response

Answer 2

antigen

Question 3

directly stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

polysaccharides (bacterial capsule)

Answer 3

t-independent

Question 4

T-dependent

requires help of CD4+T cells to stimulate antibody production

usually proteins

Answer 4

T-dependent

Question 5

molecule that is not immunogenic by itself but can react with specific antibody

a low MW substance which by itself cannot stimulate immune response

Answer 5

hapten

Question 6

Antigenic determinant

Actual molecular structure that interacts with a single antibody
molecule or T cell receptor

Answer 6

epitope

Question 7

region recognized by immunoglobulins

3-20 amino acids or sugar residues

Answer 7

b-cell epitope

Question 8

Region recognized by T cell receptor
8 – 15 amino acid residues long
Recognized by T lymphocytes only after being processed and
presented in association with an MHC protein

Answer 8

b-cell epitope

Question 9

Substance, which when mixed
with an antigen, enhances the
magnitude and duration of the
immune response

Answer 9

adjuvan

Question 10

TWO MAJOR PHAGOCYTIC LINEAGE

M
P

Answer 10

mononuclear phagocytes
polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Question 11

TWO MAJOR PHAGOCYTIC LINEAGE

Remove particulate matter of foreign origin (e.g. microbes) or self-origin (e.g. aged RBC)

Answer 11

mononuclear phagocytes

Question 12

Monocytes express _______ and ________ MHC molecules

can present antigens to helper T cells

with pattern recognition receptors

Answer 12

CD14 and Class II MHC molecules

Question 13

TWO MAJOR PHAGOCYTIC LINEAGE

With pattern recognition receptors
Play an important role in acute inflammation
Phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens

Answer 13

polymorphonuclear
granulocytes

Question 14

TYPE OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR GRANULOCYTES

multi lobed nucleus
acute inflammation
majority of bacteria especially pyogenic microorganisms

Answer 14

neutrophils

Question 15

POLYMORPHONUCLEAR
GRANULOCYTES

mediates tissue damage in type I hypersensitivity (allergy)
release chemicals (major basic protein) that kill parasitic worms and their eggs
present antigens in vitro

Answer 15

eosinophils

Question 16

AUXILLARY CELLS

allergy or type I hypersensitivity
secretions: heparin, histamine, chondroitin, proteolytic enzymes, and cytokines

play a role in parasitic infections

Answer 16

basophils

Question 17

AUXILLARY CELLS

functionally similar with basophils but not mobile circulating cells

lie close to blood vessels in all tissues

Answer 17

mast cells

Question 18

AUXILLARY CELLS

cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow

with granules, microtubules and actin/myosin filaments/ clot retraction

Answer 18

platelets

Question 19

AUXILLARY CELLS

Link innate and adaptive immunity

Take up and process antigens for recognition by T cell

produce cytokines

Answer 19

antigen presenting cells

Question 20

DENDRITIC CELLS

__________: process and present foreign protein antigens to T Cells

___________: passively presents immune complexes to B cells in lymphoid follicles

Answer 20

classical dendritic cells
follicular dendritic cells

Question 21

___________

Located in epidermis

Carry antigen from skin and mucosa to the TH cells

Migrate via afferent lymphatics into paracortex of draining LN called interdigitating DCs

rich in class II MHC molecules

Answer 21

Langerhan’s cells

Question 22

Natural Killer Cells/NK Cells/Null Cells/Large Granular Lymphocytes

Innate host defense; 10 – 15% of lymphocytes in
circulating blood; functional NK found in spleen

Answer 22

lymphocytes

Question 23

Adaptive, cell-mediated immunity

60-80% of circulating lymphocytes in the body

includes T helper cells and Cytotoxic T cells

Answer 23

T lymphocytes or T cells

Question 24

type of T lymphocytes

stimulate differentiation of B cells into plasma cells
activate cytotoxic T cells

Answer 24

T helper cells

Question 25

type of T lymphocytes

virus infected cells. tumor cells, and foreign cells (e.g. tissue grafts)

Answer 25

cytotoxic T cells

Question 26

________ or (B cells)

adaptive, humoral immunity
differentiate into plasma cells

cell surface contains
Immunoglobulins (IgM, IgD)
Class II MHC molecules
receptors for C3b (CD35), and C3d (CD21)

Answer 26

B lymphocytes

Question 27

__________________ –
recognition of self and non
-self (peripheral tolerance);
suppress excessive
immune response

used by CD4+CD25 regulatory t cells

Answer 27

immune surveillance