NT&P:) Flashcards
what is the difference between chronic and acute illnesses?
chronic is a long term illness that will have to be treated over a long period of time. (eg. hypertension).
vs
Acute is a short term illness that usually is intense but resolves with treatment. (eg. broken bone).
What might cause dehydration?
- Vomiting or diarrheoa
- burn victims
- intense exercise
- lack of hydration
-uncontrolled diabetes
The nursing process:
Assessment
DIagnosis
planning
implementing
evaluating
When did nursing get recognised as a profession in Ireland?
in 2002 nursing became a degree program which finally meant nurses had equal professional footing to those in other areas of healthcare in terms of education.
adls
Name the 12 ADL’s?
1.Maintaining a safe environment
2. Communicating
3. Working and playing
4. Dying
5. Breathing
6. personal cleansing and dressing
7. eliminating
8. controlling body temp
9.eating and drinking
10. sleeping
11. expressing sexuality
12. mobalising
What is a pathogenic microorganism?
A pathogenic microorganism is a harmful disease causing bacteria.
MRSA, Influenza virus.
What are the infection control measures for COVID-19?
Wear PPE (mask, gloves, gown, eye protection), isolate patient, ensure proper ventilation, practice hand hygiene, disinfect surfaces, and follow respiratory etiquette.
What is MRSA?
MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is antibiotic-resistant.
Effects include severe skin infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.
What is the role of NMBI?
NMBI (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Ireland) regulates nurses and midwives by setting standards for education and practice, maintaining a register of professionals, and handling complaints and disciplinary actions.
What are the dietary changes for dysphagia?
Modify texture (pureed/thickened liquids), provide small, frequent meals, and ensure upright positioning during and after eating.
What are the causes of dehydration?
Causes include vomiting, diarrhea, poor fluid intake, and fever.
Effects can be dizziness, confusion, low BP, and kidney failure.
What is INEWS?
Irish National Early Warning Score used to detect patient deterioration via vital signs monitoring.
What are the components of the chain of infection?
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
How can the chain of infection be interrupted?
Hand hygiene (breaks transmission), vaccination (reduces susceptibility), and sterilizing equipment (eliminates reservoir).
What is urinalysis?
A lab test analyzing urine for infection, disease, or metabolic conditions.
What are the complications of bed rest?
Complications include pressure ulcers, muscle atrophy, DVT, pneumonia, constipation, and depression.
What is a decubitus ulcer?
A pressure sore from prolonged pressure on skin, common in bedridden patients.
What are the risk factors for pressure sores?
Risk factors include immobility, poor nutrition, moisture (incontinence), age (frail skin), and chronic illness (diabetes).
Where are common locations for pressure sores?
Common locations include sacrum, heels, hips, and elbows.
What are the stages of pressure sores?
Stages include non-blanchable redness, partial-thickness skin loss, full-thickness loss (exposed fat), and exposed bone/muscle.
What is the aSSKINg bundle?
A pressure ulcer prevention strategy that includes assessment, skin inspection, surface (support), keep moving, incontinence care, and nutrition.
How can constipation be prevented?
Increase fiber and fluids, engage in regular exercise, and use laxatives if needed.
What are the levels of healthcare?
Primary care (first contact), secondary care (specialist), and tertiary care (highly specialized).
What is the difference between acute and chronic illness?
Acute illness is sudden and short-term (e.g., flu), while chronic illness is long-term and progressive (e.g., diabetes).
