NSPs In monogastrics

Question 1

What is crude fibre?

Answer 1

Cellulose and lignin

Crude fibre values are highly variable depending on the nature of the ingredients

Question 2

What is neutral detergent fibre?

Answer 2

Cellulose , hemicellulose, Lignin

Question 3

What is acid detergent fibre?

Answer 3

Cellulose and lignin

Question 4

What are non-starch polysaccharides?

Answer 4

Cellulose, hemi cellulose, pectin

Question 5

What is the chemical definition for fibre?

Answer 5

Fibre is non-starch polysaccharides and lignin

Question 6

Are lignins carbohydrates?

Answer 6

No, they are not

Question 7

What non-starch polysaccharides are soluble name all three?

Answer 7

Pentosan, beta glucans, pectins

Question 8

What non-starch polysaccharides are in soluble hint there is only one

Answer 8

Cellulose

Question 9

What three things are wrong with soluble non-starch polysaccharides?

Answer 9

1.bird/pig enzymes can’t degrade non-starch polysaccharides
2.they are hydroscopic meaning they draw water into the gut and hold it there
3.form a viscous digesta

Question 10

What contains pentosan and what problems do they have?

Answer 10

Rye and wheat

they retain water in the lumen making the contents more viscous, the viscosity is thought to alter the rate of the passage of digestive and the microbial ecology. In the gut, it reduces the effectiveness of mixing digestion, enzymes and absorption of nutrients in the wall of the small intestine.

When a diet contains Pentance, there is a significant reduction in the digestibility of key nutrients

Question 11

What contains beta glucans and what problems do they have?

Answer 11

Barley

Monogastric animals are unable to digest beta glue cans because they do not secrete beta glucanases into the GIT. The anti nutritive effect on monogastric is considered to be the same as that of pentosan.

Question 12

What contains pectins and what problems do they have?

Answer 12

Grain legumes for example, lupines and soya beans

They can cause potential side-effects such as gas, bloating or abdominal discomfort and can also affect digestion in some cases

Question 13

What are the four avenues to overcome anti-nutrient effects in NSP?

Answer 13

Water treatment – the NSP can be washed from the grain or moisten to activate the enzymes

Ageing – new season wheat has been found to have a lower AME value which increases with storage time which gradually make them more digestible

Enzyme supplementation – if microbial enzyme preparations are added to the feed these become active in the intestine and assist in the degradation of NSP’s

Antibiotic edition – antibiotics have been shown to be effective in reducing the anti-nutritive effect of NSP