Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
What are four points of the structural integrity of lipids
Long chain fatty acids
Membranes of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes
Phospholipid bilayers
Found in plant leaves
What are four storage points regarding lipids
Triglycerides
Fruits and seeds in plants
Fat in adipose tissue in animals
High in energy
Why are fatty acids stored as triglycerides vital?
Because they are a vital form of stored energy for animals during periods of energy deficit when times of high production for example lactation
How are fatty acids described?
By their structure meaning chain length and number of double bonds and the position of the first double bond
When a multiple double bond has more kinks meaning any more than one double bond what is it called?
A poly unsaturated fatty acid
Plants have polyunsaturated fats. They are kinked and won’t stack neatly. Therefore there are gaps which have air and water. What is one product that contains polyunsaturated fats?
Margarine
What fats are animal fats such as lamb chop or butter fat?
Saturated fats
What are the two key factors which are able to do digestion?
The bile and lipase, these factors start to digest the fatty acid
Briefly describe fatty acid digestion (lipolysis)
One long chain fatty acids can’t be absorbed across the room and wall or stomach – need digestion first
Fats leave stomach as large globules
Bile (salts of bile acids) secreted by liver, stored in gallbladder, secreted into the duodenum
Lipase - secreted by pancreas
Bile salts emulsify Lipids leaving the stomach
Lipase separate lipids from glycerol Esters to free fatty acids
Bile salts, aggregate digested fatty acids for absorption across the intestinal wall
Describe what biohydronation is
A pathway of gradual movement and removal of double bonds until a completely saturated endpoint. Each step is mediated by a different bacterial species.
Microbes have their own longchain fatty acid requirements. Where are they sourced from?
Dietary Long chain fatty acid
Long chain fatty acid synthesised in the rumen
Volatile fatty acids
