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NSG 318 TOPIC 1-4 > NSG 318 TOPIC 1 > Flashcards

NSG 318 TOPIC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pharmacology

A

study or science of drugs

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2
Q

drug

A

any chemical that affects the physiological process of a living organism

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

the process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary to achieve drug action

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4
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the effects of drugs on the body

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5
Q

pharmacogenetics

A

the study of genetic factors that influence an individuals response to a specific drug

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6
Q

What are the nursing implications/considerations?

A

concepts the nurse must include in safely administering medications (consider all vital signs: temperature, pulse, respiration, oxygen saturation, and labs)

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7
Q

safety

A

the condition of being safe from undergoing or causing hurt, injury, or loss

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8
Q

What are the 6 rights of medication safety?

A

right patient
right drug
right dose
right route
right time
right documentation

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9
Q

chemical name of a drug

A

describes the chemical structure of the drug

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10
Q

generic name of a drug

A

official, nonproprietary name (acetaminophen)

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11
Q

brand/trade name of drug

A

proprietary name (Tylenol)

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12
Q

generic drugs

A

contain the same active ingredients, but may have inactive/inert ingredients to change the tablet shape and control release time

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13
Q

What is important when using a generic drug?

A

the health care provider needs to say on the prescription if using the generic brand is okay, or if the patient needs to use name brand

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14
Q

OTC drugs

A

over the counter drugs: drugs that have been found safe and appropriate for use without the need of a health care provider

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15
Q

What are the things that OTC drugs must provide on their label?

A

active and inactive ingredients
purpose of product
use of product
warnings
dosage instructions (who can use it and how often)

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16
Q

CAM

A

complementary and alternative therapies: included botanicals, nutritional products and herbal supplements

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17
Q

What does the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) do?

A

ensures that products are safe and label info is truthful and not misleading

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18
Q

What is the Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP)?

A

standards require package labels that declare quality and strength of contents and that a product is without contaminants and impurities

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of medications that need to be recorded for a patients medication list?

A

prescription drugs
OTC drugs
CAMs

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20
Q

If a patient is having a surgical procedure, how long before the surgery should they stop herbal therapy?

A

2-3 weeks before surgery

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21
Q

What must a patient do before taking CAMs?

A

check with their HCP if the CAM can be mixed with their prescription drugs

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22
Q

extended release, enteric coated, time release capsules/tablets

A

should NEVER be crushed or split in half, they must be swallowed whole

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23
Q

When should drugs be taken with and without food?

A

if the drug causes GI upset, take drug with food
if food will interfere with the med absorption, take it on an empty stomach

24
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

25
Q

buccal

A

between cheek and gum

26
Q

What are the rules for sublingual and buccal drugs?

A

the drug should remain in place until it is fully absorbed
do not let patient eat or drink when the medication is in place

27
Q

elixirs

A

sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids used in the preparation of oral liquid medications

28
Q

emulsions

A

mixture of two liquids that are not mutually soluble

29
Q

suspensions

A

liquids in which particles are mixed but to dissolved

30
Q

transdermal

A

medication stored in a patch places on the skin and is absorbed through the skin to produce a systemic effect
provides more consistent blood levels and no GI upset

31
Q

What is the duration in which a transdermal patch is left on?

A

no less than 12 hours and up to 7 days (depending on the drug)

32
Q

What is done to prevent skin break down of a transdermal patch?

A

patch is rotated to different sites

33
Q

topicals

A

applied to skin or mucous membranes

34
Q

instillations

A

liquid medications usually administered as drops, ointments, or sprays in opening of the body (eyes, ears, nose)

35
Q

meter-dosed inhaler

A

MDI: handheld device used to deliver asthma and bronchitis drugs to the lower respiratory tract

36
Q

spacers

A

devices used to enhance the delivery of medications from the MDI

37
Q

nebulizer

A

a device that changes a liquid medication into a fine mist or aerosol the has the ability to reach the lower, smaller airways

38
Q

nasogastric (NG) tubes

A

a soft, flexible tube inserted by way of the nasopharynx with the lip lying going into the stomach

39
Q

gastrostomy (G) tubes

A

a tube surgically placed directly into the patients stomach

40
Q

What should not be given through a NG or G tube?

A

extended release drugs (as they should not be crushed)

41
Q

suppository

A

a cone-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into a body opening; it melts at body temperature

42
Q

What patients are suppositories useful for?

A

babies, uncooperative patients, and in cases of vomiting to certain digestive disorders

43
Q

What sites should an intradermal injection be given?

A

in lightly pigmented areas, without lesions, and hairless
(ventral mid forearm, clavicle area of chest, or scapula area of back)

44
Q

How should the needle be inserted and removed in an intradermal injection?

A

hold the skin taught at a 10-15 degree angle, insert medication slowly, remove needle slowly and do NOT massage the area

45
Q

What sites should a subcutaneous injection be given?

A

the upper outer area of the arms, abdomen 2 inches from the bellybutton, and anterior thighs

46
Q

What medications are common given with subcutaneous injections?

A

insulin and heparin

47
Q

How should a subcutaneous injection be given and removed?

A

pinch the patients skin and insert the needle quickly then release pinch
DO NOT ASPIRATE
slowly inject the medication and remove the needle quickly
apply gentle pressure to injection site

48
Q

What sites should an intramuscular injection be given?

A

in areas with adequate muscle size and little nerves and blood vessels (ventrogluteal, deltoid, vastus lateralis)

49
Q

For an intramuscular injection, the length of the needle is dependent on…

A

the patients size and the medication that is administered

50
Q

In a ventrogluteal intramuscular injection site, which direction is the needle angled?

A

toward the iliac crest

51
Q

What intramuscular injection site is commonly used for infants?

A

vastus lateralis

52
Q

What structures must be watched out for when using the vastus lateralis intramuscular injection site?

A

sciatic nerve and femoral structures

53
Q

What is the needle angled towards when using the deltoid intramuscular injection site?

A

toward the acromion, or 90 degree angle toward skin

54
Q

What intramuscular injection site is NOT recommended for infants or children?

A

deltoid

55
Q

What is the purpose of the Z-track injection technique?

A

to help minimize local skin irritation by sealing the medication in the muscle tissue

56
Q

What are the common sites for an intravenous injection?

A

cephalic or cubital vein in the warm, dorsal vein of the hand
infants: may use veins in the feet, lower legs or head

57
Q

In what situation would an intraosseous drug administration be used?

A

in situation where it is impossible to get IV access

NSG 318 TOPIC 1-4 (6 decks)

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