NSAIDS

Question 1

Meloxicam

Answer 1

• cox 2 selective
• long half life in dogs and cats
• safe
• can also be used in birds

Question 2

meloxicam use in dogs

Answer 2

-chronic daily therapy in dogs. Most commonly used in osteoarthritis and post op pain and inflame associated with orthopaedic surgery, ovariohysterectomy and castration.

Question 3

meloxicam use in cattle

Answer 3

acute mastitis or acute resp infection with appropriate antibiotic therapy. withdraws times impt!

Question 4

meloxicam use in pigs

Answer 4

lameness and inflamm, infections with antibiotic therapy. Withdrawl time = 5days

Question 5

meloxicam use in horses

Answer 5

musculoskeletal disorders, colic pain

Question 6

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)

Answer 6

• mainly cox 1 inhibitor
• big diff in species elimination rate. Long in cats and short in cattle.
• cheap.
• Irreversibly inhibits COX (antiplatelet therapy)
• Commonly causes GI irritation/ulceration.

Question 7

How to deal with an aspirin overdose?

Answer 7

Treat with NaHC03 (sodium bicarb) to alkalinize patient and urine

Question 8

Acetaminophen (tylenol)

Answer 8

Analgesic! Not anti-inflamm!
-Central action! COX -3 (doesn’t affect PG synthesis)
(may inhibit serotonin)
-NEVER GIVE TO CATS (1 tablet lethal).
-LD is 500mg/kg in dog and toxic effects at 100 mg/kg

Question 9

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

Answer 9

Cox 2 selective. Racemic mixture: S = COX inhibition R = analgesia. Weak activity however and effects may be due to CNS.
Hepatic metabolism and enterhepatic recycling
-GI toxicity infrequent

Question 10

carprofen uses/toxicities

Answer 10

• single doses can be used in cats
• can be used in horses
• idiosyncratic hepatoxicity (labs, other breeds), monitor liver enzymes pre and post treatment.
• EFFECTS GLUCOSAMINOGLYCANS SYNTHESIS (stimulates at low conc. and inhibits at high)

Question 11

Flunixin meglumine (Banamine)

Answer 11

Cox 1 and cox 2 selective.

• mainly equine.
• but approved in cattle and pigs
• plasma 1/2 life doesn’t correlate with clinical effects.
• less GI and Renal toxicity than PBZ
• IM injections are irritating. Causes clostridial myositis

Question 12

Naproxen and Ibuprofen

Answer 12

• species dependent kinetics
• get toxicity in dogs. they have a long 1/2 life and high GI absorption and enterohepatic recirc.
• naproxen no longer available.

Question 13

Ketoprofen (anafen)

Answer 13

cox 1 and cox 2 selective (non specific inhibitor of cox)

• rapid plasma elimination but prolonged levels in inflam exudate.
• chondroprotective
• can use in cats (lower UT disorder)
• associted with bleeding and acute renal failure when used pre surgically

Question 14

ketoprofen racemic mixture

Answer 14

S is anti PG action and predominates in every species except sheep. R is analgesic action and only predominates in sheep.

Question 15

Phenylbutazone (PBZ)

Answer 15

Cox 1 and cox 2 selective

• good oral absorption but slows time if just fed.
• hepatic metabolism to oxyphenbutazone(leads to drug accumulation) (EOD therapy and long withdrawal needed)

Question 16

Toxic effects of PBZ

Answer 16

• GI ulceration (hypoproteinemia, protein losing enteropathy, colitis)
• Kidney: can get renal papillary necrosis
• Supress T4 concentrations

Question 17

Deracoxib (deramaxx)

Answer 17

Cox 2 specific. not used in cats.

• hepatic metabolism, saturated at high doses and loses cox 2 specificity
• sulfa sensitivies?

Question 18

Firocoxib (previcox)

Answer 18

Highly cox 2 selective

• Lower oral bioavailability in dogs than cats and horses.
• Equioxx (horses)
• hepatic metabolism and urinary elimination

Question 19

Robenacoxib (onsior)

Answer 19

Highly Cox 2 selective

• Dogs and cats (injectable or oral)
• good for osteoarthritis

Question 20

Opthalmic NSAIDs

Answer 20

• indomethacin, flurbiprofen, suprofen, diclofenac and ketorolac.
• improve ocular bioavailability of drugs and diminish the systemic side effects
• potentially delay healing.