Machin 3

Question 1

Analgesics that inhibit transmission (impulse conduction)

Answer 1

local anaesthetics and alpha 2 agonists

Question 2

Analgesics involved in transduction (inhibit peripheral sensitization of noceptors)

Answer 2

Local anesthetics, opioids, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

Question 3

Analgesics that inhibit perception

Answer 3

anesthetics, opiods, alpha 2 agonists, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines.

Question 4

Analgesics involved in modulation of spinal pathway (inhibit central sensitization)

Answer 4

local anesthetics, opioids, alpha 2 agonists, tricyclic antidepressants, cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, NSAIDs, anticonvulsants

Question 5

NSAIDS

Answer 5

antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, prevent sentisization. Involved in modulation and transduction.

Question 6

Opioids

Answer 6

Involved in transduction, modulation, perception. Rapid onset, long duration. Give before pain onset.

Question 7

Alpha 2 agonists

Answer 7

Sedation, analgesia. Involved in inhibiting perception, modulation and transmission.

Question 8

local anesthetics

Answer 8

Provide complete pain relief at the effective nerve site. Involved in transmission, modulation and transduction.

Question 9

NMDA antagonist

Answer 9

ex. ketamine (non competitive antagonist of NMDA). involved in modulation. Analgesic properties, stimulates CVS. Excitatory effects on the CNS.

Question 10

STEP 1 of treating pain (mild post op pain)

Answer 10

non opiod analgesic and local anesthetic infiltration

Question 11

STEP 2 treating pain (moderate post op pain)

Answer 11

Step 1 strategy PLUS intermittent doses of opioid analgesics

Question 12

STEP 3 treating pain (severe post op pain)

Answer 12

Step 1 and 2 strategy PLUS local anesthetic peripheral neural blockade and use of of sustained release opioid analgesics.