Miscellaneous Flashcards
Carbamazine
- anti-epileptic
- Carbamazine binds to voltage-gated Na channels
Anti-epileptic
- Suppress seizure activity
- Same mech for producing analgesia
- Reduces cell membrane excitability and decreases the release of NTs
NMDA receptor antagonists
receptors are pre and post synaptic, in the brain and spinal cord.
-NMDA activation: Hyperalgesia and chronic pain development, wind up and central sensitization and memory of pain.
Thus block this all!
Gabapentin (and pregabalin)
Suppress glutamate and substance P and possibly modulate GABA receptors (binds to alpha2delta subunit of voltage gated Na channels)
-post op pain, neuropathic pain, acute pain.
Ketamine (Vetalar)
NMDA receptor antagonist,
racemic mixture (S enantomer = better analgesic)
-Inhibits polysynaptic actions of the excitatory NTs Ach and L-glutamate in SC.
-inhibits NMDA receptors in CSN (non competitive)
-somatic pain only, can be used preventivally
Amantadine
NMDA receptor antagonist
- developed to treat parking sons or antiviral.
- can be used for chronic pain in dogs and cats
Tiletamine
NMDA receptor antagonist.
Tramadol
weak mu opioid receptor activity and serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Amitriptyline
5HT/NE reuptake inhibitor
- behavioral modification
- some NMDA receptor antagonism
Clomipramine
5HT and NE reuptake inhibitors
- behavior mod.
- sedation side effects
- lots of drug interacts
Normal articular cartilage
proteoglycans composed of GAGs chondroitin, chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulphate are attached to hyaluronate forming a proteoglycan aggregate.
-feathery structure
adequan
PSGAGs
-disease modifying osteoarthritis drug
Cartrophen (sodium pentosan polysulfate)
PSGAGs
-disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs
Oral chrondroprotectives
PSGAGs
- glucosamine
- chrondroitin
chondroitin 4 sulfate
mammal PSGAG. Binds to collagen, increasing resiliency and h20 holding properties of cartilage.
Hyanuronan (hyaluronate/hyaluronic acid)
- normally in synovial fluid
- non sulfinated GAG
- anti inflamm. properties
- directly chondroprotective
Manganese ascorbate
- essential trace element
- essential cofactor in synthesis of GAGs
- limiting factor in cartilage and synovial fluid synthesis.
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)
- enhances the structural integrity of CT, reduces scar tissue by altering the cross links that contribute to scar formation
- anti-inflamm and pain reducing properties maybe (nutraceutical)
Dimethylglycine (DMG)
- nutraceutical
- “performance enhancer”
- claim: improve lactic acid metabolism (reduce lactic acid levels post exercise in study)
- raises seizure threshold.
Glycoflex 3
Glycoflex (perna canaliculus mussel + sea cucumber) + glucosamie + MSM
-anti-inflamm (PGE)/anti oxidant activity
