N.S Vocabulary

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

Question 2

Cell Body

Answer 2

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

Question 3

Cell Nucleus

Answer 3

An oval shaped membrane-bound structure found in the soma or body of the neuron. It contains the nucleolus and chromosomes.

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

Covering of white fat fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons

Question 6

Terminal end fibers

Answer 6

the nervous impulse passes through the axon to leave the cell via them

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

Greek: A point of contact

Question 8

Neurotransmitter

Answer 8

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell.
It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.

Question 9

Astrocyte

(Astroglial cells)

Answer 9

star-like in appearance and transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons

Question 10

Microgial cells

Answer 10

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system.
They protect neurons in response to inflammation.

Question 11

Oligodendroglial cell

Answer 11

Forms myelin sheath in the CNS.

Question 12

Ependymal cells

Answer 12

Line membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

Have cilia

Question 13

Schwann Cell

Answer 13

Forms myelin sheath in the PNS

Question 14

Differences between Glial cells and Neurons

Answer 14

• neurons can generate action potentials; glial cell cannot
• neurons have chemical sypnases; glial cells do not
• there are more glial cells than neurons
• ** neurons cannot reproduce; glial cells can**

Question 15

Sulci

(s: sulcus)

Answer 15

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cprtex; fissure.

Question 16

Gyri

(s: gyrus)

Answer 16

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convultion.

Question 17

CSF

circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 17

It is formed within the ventricles and circulates between the membranes around the brain and within the spinal cord.
It empties into the bloodstream through the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 18

Cerebrum

Answer 18

Largest part of the brain.
Resposible for voluntary muscular activitiy, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

Question 19

Thalamus

Answer 19

Main relay center of the brain
Conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum
Control of awareness and consciousness
| Thalamus means room

Question 20

Hypothalamus

Answer 20

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus
Controls sleep, appetite, body temp, emotions; control of the pituitary gland.

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

Posterior part of the brain
Coordinates muscle movements and mantains balance

Question 22

Pons

Answer 22

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum, between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain.
connection of the nerve and nerve fiber pathways, including those to the eyes and face.

Pons means bridge

Question 23

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 23

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord
Controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels.
NERVE FIBERS CROSS OVER HERE.

Question 24

Afferent neurons

Answer 24

Sensory
Bring impulses from a sensory recepetor into the spinal cord

sensory receptor: skin

Question 25

Efferent

Answer 25

Motor Carry impulses from the spinal cord to effector organs | effector organs: skeletal muscle

Question 26

Dura Mater

Answer 26

Thick,outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain ans spinal cord | Latin for Hard Mother

Question 27

Subdural Space

Answer 27

Below the dural membrane

Question 28

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 28

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord | Arachne means spider

Question 29

Subarachnoid space

Answer 29

space for fluid between the fibers and the third membrane Containing CSF

Question 30

Pia Mater

Answer 30

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

Question 31

Acetylcholine

Answer 31

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

Question 32

central nervous system

Answer 32

brain and spinal cord

Question 33

cerebral cortex

Answer 33

outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells Gray matter of the brain

Question 34

Nerve

Answer 34

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses

Question 35

Neuron

Answer 35

Nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system

Question 36

Parenchyma

Answer 36

Distinguishing tissue of any organ or system Includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses

Question 37

plexus

Answer 37

Large, interlacing network of nerves

Question 38

stimulus

Answer 38

agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response. it may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.

Question 39

stroma

Answer 39

connective and supporting tissue of an organ Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain