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HSC > N.S Vocabulary > Flashcards

N.S Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Dendrites

A

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell (neuron) that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

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2
Q

Cell Body

A

Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

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3
Q

Cell Nucleus

A

An oval shaped membrane-bound structure found in the soma or body of the neuron. It contains the nucleolus and chromosomes.

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4
Q

Axon

A

Microscopic fiber that is part of a neuron and carries nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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5
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Covering of white fat fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons

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6
Q

Terminal end fibers

A

the nervous impulse passes through the axon to leave the cell via them

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7
Q

Synapse

A

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.

Greek: A point of contact

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell.
It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.

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9
Q

Astrocyte

(Astroglial cells)

A

star-like in appearance and transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons

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10
Q

Microgial cells

A

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system.
They protect neurons in response to inflammation.

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11
Q

Oligodendroglial cell

A

Forms myelin sheath in the CNS.

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12
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Line membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

Have cilia

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13
Q

Schwann Cell

A

Forms myelin sheath in the PNS

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14
Q

Differences between Glial cells and Neurons

A
  • neurons can generate action potentials; glial cell cannot
  • neurons have chemical sypnases; glial cells do not
  • there are more glial cells than neurons
  • ** neurons cannot reproduce; glial cells can**
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15
Q

Sulci

(s: sulcus)

A

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cprtex; fissure.

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16
Q

Gyri

(s: gyrus)

A

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convultion.

17
Q

CSF

circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

It is formed within the ventricles and circulates between the membranes around the brain and within the spinal cord.
It empties into the bloodstream through the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

18
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain.
Resposible for voluntary muscular activitiy, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

19
Q

Thalamus

A

Main relay center of the brain
Conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum
Control of awareness and consciousness
| Thalamus means room

20
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus
Controls sleep, appetite, body temp, emotions; control of the pituitary gland.

21
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior part of the brain
Coordinates muscle movements and mantains balance

22
Q

Pons

A

Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum, between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain.
connection of the nerve and nerve fiber pathways, including those to the eyes and face.

Pons means bridge

23
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Part of the brain just above the spinal cord
Controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels.
NERVE FIBERS CROSS OVER HERE.

24
Q

Afferent neurons

A

Sensory
Bring impulses from a sensory recepetor into the spinal cord

sensory receptor: skin

25
Q

Efferent

A

Motor
Carry impulses from the spinal cord to effector organs

effector organs: skeletal muscle

26
Q

Dura Mater

A

Thick,outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain ans spinal cord

Latin for Hard Mother

27
Q

Subdural Space

A

Below the dural membrane

28
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

Arachne means spider

29
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

space for fluid between the fibers and the third membrane
Containing CSF

30
Q

Pia Mater

A

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

31
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

32
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

33
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells
Gray matter of the brain

34
Q

Nerve

A

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons) that carry electrical impulses

35
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell that is necessary for impulses to be carried throughout the nervous system

36
Q

Parenchyma

A

Distinguishing tissue of any organ or system
Includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses

37
Q

plexus

A

Large, interlacing network of nerves

38
Q

stimulus

A

agent of change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response.
it may be light, sound, touch, pressure, or pain.

39
Q

stroma

A

connective and supporting tissue of an organ
Glial cells make up the stromal tissue of the brain

HSC (4 decks)

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