November Mocks 2023 Flashcards
What are hardwoods?
- sourced from deciduous trees
- slow growing meaning they are expensive
- good aesthetic property
- dense and hardwearing
Examples of Hardwood
Oak- flooring
Beech- window frames
Mahogany- instruments, illegal logging trade, furniture and very aesthetic (warm tones)
Ash- chairs
- All of them are tough and durable
What are softwood?
- coniferous trees/ evergreen
- grows faster than hardwood
- cheap and readily available
- absorbent properties
Examples of softwood:
Pine
- roofing, window sills
- lightweight
Larch
- construction
-water resistant
Spruce
- instruments as it transmits vibrations
-stiff
All of them are used in construction industry
Hardwood vs Softwood
- hardwoods are stronger and more hard-wearing than softwoods
- Flexible, lighter in weight and less dense
Manufactured Boards
- recycled woods
- low grade timbers
- wood pieces are bound with adhesives to make man made- manufactured woods
- susceptible to moisture
- rigid, stable
Examples of Man. Boards:
- MDF
- dense and tough
- veneers and finishes - Chipboard
- good compressive strength
- edges chip - Plywood
- rotated layers of wood veneers
- good water resistance
Properties and uses of mild steel
Mild steel is low carbon steel
- tough
- ductile
- ferrous metal so it corrodes easily but is a great conductor
- bicycle frames, bolts, screws
Properties and uses of Aluminium
- soft and malleable
- light weight
- non ferrous and good conductor
- foils
- cans
- wires
- window frames
Properties of Alloys
- 2 or more elements
- improves physical properties and appearance
1.Brass
2.Steel- cars, tools, electrical appliances
3. Stainless steel- durable, aesthetic, construction, utensils
Properties and uses of Thermosets
- high temperature resistance
- hard and rigid
- used for structural applications
- cannot be reformed once set in shape
- good for adhesives
Examples of Thermosets
- UREA FORMALDEHYDE
- good electrical insulator
- anti-wrinkling in clothes - POLYESTER RESIN
- flooring. jewellery - EPOXY RESIN
- adhesives
Properties and uses of Thermoplastics
- soft and flexible
- can be remoulded
- not good in heat
- aesthetics
- recyclable
- used for bottles, sports equip, food packaging and packaging
Examples of thermoplastics
- PETE: bottle
- HDPE: plastic bag
- PVC: sports equip
- LDPE: juice bottles
- PP: food container
- HIPS: food container
- Oher e.g. Acrylic
Properties and uses of Recycled Board
- folding carton and packaging industry
e.g. cereals - can be varied thickness
- can be recycled
- strong
Examples of Recycled board
- Cardboard
- Corrugated Cardboard: can be printed on
- Foil Lined Board: cartons with liquid
Smart materials
Smart materials have properties that react to changes in their environment. This means that one of their properties can be changed by an external condition, such as temperature, light, pressure, electricity, voltage, pH, or chemical compounds. This change is reversible and can be repeated many times.
Example of Smart Material
Shape-memory alloys (SMA) are metal alloys that can remember their shape when heated. These alloys have been utilised on spectacle frames that spring back to shape if they are squashed.
Types of Energy
Kinetic
Hear
Light
Gravitational
Chemical
Sound
Electrical
Elastic
Nuclear
Anthropometrics and ergonomics
- The term ergonomics refers to the relationship between people and the products they use.
- Anthropometrics: understanding people’s measurements and body shapes, designers can create products that more accurately meet their users’ needs
social and cultural impact of design
Design that ignores cultural and social factors risks alienating certain demographic groups, perpetuating biases, and reinforcing stereotypes. Experience design must actively seek to create inclusive environments that respect all users’ backgrounds and identities.
ACCESSFM
aesthetics, consumer, cost, environment, size, safety, function and materials.
Orthographic design
orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3D object.
most commonly used views are top, front, and right side.
SUSTAINABILTY- life cycle assessment
An analysis of the environmental impact one object has on the world around it.
increasing resource-use efficiency and decreasing liabilities.
-raw material extraction
- manufacturing
- transportation
- Usage/ retail
- waste disposal
- –
SUSTAINABILTY- Circular Economy
refuse, reduce, reuse, repurpose, and recycle-existing materials and products as long as possible. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.
It is based on three principles, driven by design: eliminate waste and pollution, circulate products and materials (at their highest value), and regenerate nature. In this way, the life cycle of products is extended.
4x Types of motion
linear- one direction in straight line
rotary- back and forth or up and down motion
reciprocating- circular motion around an axis
oscillating- back and forth motion in a curved path
Lever
provides mechanical advantage (MA)
- has a bar and pivot
- MA= load / effort
1st level of Lever
1st level:
- seesaw action
- pivot is in between the load and effort.
2nd level of lever
- similar to a nutcracker
- from left to right on scale:
- left is: effort
- middle: load
- right: pivot
1st level of lever
- like tweezers
- from right to left on scale
- left: load
- middle: effort
- end: pivot
equilibrium
when effort and load on either end of a pivot are equal, equilibrium is created
Linkages
changes the direction, magnitude of the force
- reverse linkage: changes direction of input motion e.g. push is pull
- parallel motion linkage: keeps direction of input motion same as input
- Bell crank L: input is turned through 90 deg
- Crank and slider: rotary to reciprocating motion
- Treadle: Rotary to oscillating motion
