Card and board teach

Question 1

Paper and board production

Answer 1

• both deciduous and coniferous trees
• hardwood: short fibres
• softwood: long cellulose fibres

Question 2

Pulping

Answer 2

paper and board starts with making pulp from chipped wood
pulp is cellulose fibres + water
add chemical solution to cellulose fibres
solution is cooked under pressure producing fibrous liquid called pulp.

Question 3

Sizing types

Answer 3

1. internal:
   Mixed into the liquid paper pulp and reduces absorbency
2. surface:
   Improves surface strength, water resistance and printability.

Question 4

Draining and rolling

Answer 4

Converting pulp into paper
Excess water is drained away
Rollers squeeze water out and then goes through drying rollers

Question 5

Calendering

Answer 5

Goes through set of calendar rollers which add additional coatings or sizing.

Question 6

Recycling

Answer 6

• trees take in co2 and give out o2
• felling trees and making pulp needs lots of energy
• if paper isn’t recycled and left to decompose, it gives off greenhouse gases called methane

Question 7

Tree- free paper

Answer 7

absorbs more CO2 than trees- KENAF
whiter so less bleeching
20x more pulp produced

Question 8

FSC and PEFC

Answer 8

ethically sourcing materials
reduces deforestation
protects endemic plants and animals

Question 9

Commercial Lamination

Answer 9

• improves functionality
• increases rigidity
• moisture resistance

Question 10

Lithography

Answer 10

• high volume commercial print runs
• prints on both sides of paper or card

Question 11

Colors

Answer 11

RGB- computers, cameras, tv
CMYK- commercial printing

Question 12

Offset lithographic process

Answer 12

image is transferred from metal plate to series of rollers
made up of cyan, magenta, yellow and black
separated in 4 colours and exposed on to a aluminium sheet= plate, that each has one of the colors
paper is fed through the press
each color is rolled, they mix to create the final image

Question 13

print quality

Answer 13

• the colors must overlap precisely
• misaligned= fuzzy and low quality

Question 14

embossing and bossing

Answer 14

• creation of 2 plates, relief and counter die
• board is placed between 2 dies
• fibres stay in place

Question 15

Die cutting

Answer 15

Paper and board can be cut out to produce large quantities of identical shapes
metal rules + blades are arranged in a desired shape
material pressed onto blades, which cut the material- used for box nets and irregular shapes