Nouvelle France Flashcards
They understood the land; they had developed
_______ and effective modes of ____ from the environment around them to create ______
; they could use resources and to feed and clothe
themselves.
Trade routes
Travel
Medicwne
In _____ , _______
“ convinced the French monarch, _____, to fund another expedition
to North America. During his ___ voyage, he placed a _____
on what is now the
Gaspé Peninsula, claiming the land for the King of France. When he met the _______________,
he was introduced to their leader, .
_______”
. While he had not
discovered a route to
______, he did report on the abundant resources of fish, furs
timber, and fertile land.
1534
Jacque Cartier
Francis I
First
Cross
St. Lawrence River Haudenosaunee
Donnacana
Aisa
His ______ voyage in _____ took him up the _________. He stopped at the community called _______ ; he continued upstream until he reached the city of ______.
That ______, he lost 25 men to ____
The First Nations people began to die from
European diseases such as ______
_ Relations became strained as the death toll
increased.
Second
1535
St. Lawrence River
Stadacona
Hochelga
Winter
Scruvy
Small pox
Stories of riches, such as ____ and _____, and the route to Asia in a land called the Kingdom of ______
_ prompted the funding for a ____ expedition in ______. The French had intended
to stay in Canada for some time, but the _________ began to conduct _____
on
the French in retaliation. By the next spring, they were forced to return to France. France found itself in a long
_____
- and expeditions to North America came to halt for fifty years
Gold
Spices
Saguenay
Final
1541
Haudenosaunee
Attacks
Civil war
By the end of the ____ century, France needed new sources of _____. ______ believed that wealth could be found in the natural riches of North America, especially its :
______
founded a company to create a ____
in North America. The company was given a
_____
over the fur trade in an area known as _____
16th
Wealth
King Henri IV
Beaver pelts
Colony
monopoly
Acadia
Determined to establish a lasting colony, where ______
turned his sights to the location where ______
once stood. The village was now abandoned, but he chose this site because of is advantageous location for _____
, its fertile ground, and because it
could be ______
if ever under attack. The named his new colony
_______
, which he took from the Algonquin word kebec, meaning “where the river
narrows”
Chaplain
Stadacana
Trade
Defended
Quebec
To allow his new colony to grow and prosper, Champlain needed investors. In _____, he convinced one of the most powerful people in France, ________
, to establish the Company of
__________. It was given administrative control over the territory that France claimed.
1627
Cardinal Richelieu
One hundred associates
During the next _____, ________ grew slowly, and the colony faced attacks by the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, who had formed an alliance with ______
and went to the
St. Lawrence area to disrupt trade between the French and the _______ With the French
colonists living in fear, __________, the land was not cleared or farmed, and there was little support from France in terms of ______
thirty-six years,
Nouvelle-France
britsh
Wendat (huron)
trade did not develop
Defence
all this changed when King
________ came to the throne of France. He dismissed
the company and made Nouvelle-France a ______ colony in ____. Every aspect of
life came under the control of the ______________________________
Louis XIV
Royal
1663
French monarch and his appointed council.
The council was composed of an ____________
- who was responsible for administering
_________; a _________
- who controlled military
matters and external policy; a _______
; and five councilors.
intendant
justice, policies, and finances of the colony
governor
bishop
The relationship between the _________ and the ______ became increasingly
King Louis XIV sent ___________to Québec.
In ______, the regiment burned villages around Lake ________, which influenced the Haudenosaunee to sign a ______ with the French colonists.
French immigrants
Haudenosaunee
1100 members of the Carignan-Salières Regiment
1666
champlan
peace treaty
Governor ________, Comte de _______ a Chad great dreams of a French empire that would control all of North America. Even as French officials warned of _________
their
resources, _______encouraged expeditions to take control of areas such as the
_________
_ valley.
Louis Buade
Frontenac
Overextending
Frontenac
mississippi
The first role of the ________ in Nouvelle-France was to provide religious services for the colony and to try to _________First Nations people. The second role was to help with the social needs of the colony, such as providing _______________
Roman Catholic Church
covert
education, hospitals and assistance to the poor
The Society of Jesus, whose missionaries were called the ________worked in Nouvelle-France with the primary goal of ___________________. To help achieve this goal, the _______lived among the First Nations and learned their _____________
Récollets
converting First Nations people to Christianity
Jesuits
languages and culture
While the _______ focused on ______, other missionaries were instrumental in establishing _____________________. The __________
_ Nuns, who arrived in _______, managed the first
European schools in Nouvelle-France.
Jesuits
conversion
hospitals, schools, and orphanages
Ursuline
1639
The method of land ownership in Nouvelle-France was known as the _________
_ system.
Technically, all the land was controlled by the king, but he distributed large grants of land ________________________________
The seigneurial system relied on having ______________________
The seigneur
was expected to build a manor house, be present on the land much of the year, and build a
___________ The habitant was expected to pay tithes to support the Church, as well as
annual fees for the land, for having his ________________________________
Seigneurial
to soldiers, merchants, and nobility, as well as the Church.
one person, a lord or seigneur
rent out land to censitaires, or habitants
gristmill
grain ground at the gristmill, and for fishing and hunting rights.
In Europe, hats made from _________
pelts were in great demand. It was Europe’s
increasing demand for beaver furs that brought the French not only farther into North America, but also into ____________relationships with more First Nations.
beaver
trading
In order to fill the demand for furs, French traders began to travel farther .
________
In
search of new sources of beaver pelts. These young, adventurous men became known as _____________“runners of the wood”. They spent hunting seasons living among the_____________ and developed an understanding of and appreciation for First Nations cultures.
Many came to prefer
_________________, where they were under the watchful eyes of French __________ and __________
north
coureurs de bois
first nations
life among First Nations people over life in the French
settlements
officals
priests
During the
______
century, Britain and France began to intensify their fight for land
and power in North America. In ______, the signing of the Treaty of.
_______
drastically
changed the balance of power and size of territory of Now ________: France surrendered possesion to almost all of _________
18th
1713
Utrecht
Nuevell France
Newfoundland, Hudren bay, and Acadia.
Overnight, the _____ were asked to switch their ________
from the ______ to the
_____. In ______, Charles Laurence was named the ________ of Nova Scotia. He demanded the Acadians take another oath of loyalty, but this time without the condition that allowed them to refuse to take up arms against the ______
When they refused, he ordered a
Mass ________ of all Acadians from Nova Scotia.
Acadians
Allegiance
French
British
1754
Governor
French
Expulsion
Approximately 8,000 of the 10,000 Acadians were dispersed throughout the _
__________
Colonies to the south. Some Acadians managed to escape and found freedom in other French communities as far away as _________
- The Acadians in the south became known as
_____
thirteen colonies
Louisiana
Cajuns
When the Seven Years’ War in Europe broke out, the French troops relied heavily on supplies shipped from France; the British, on the other hand, could supply their troops from supplies in North America and used their
__________
superiority to block French supply lines.
naval
General _____ ______
sailed from_____ in ______with orders to conquer all of
Nouvelle-France. British troops began bombarding the town of
on___ _____, and
continued to attack for nine weeks
James
Wolfe
England
1759
July
12
The final attack came in the early hours of ________ _____ ______. In the dark, the British soldiers scaled the cliffs and positioned themselves in a field know today as _____ of ____. General ________had most of the French troops stationed at Beauport; when he got word that the British were outside Quebec’s walls, he had to march his soldiers back into town. They arrived ______
_ for their battle with British forces. By the next morning, both generals were
dead and France lost Quebec.
September
13,
1759
plans
abraham
Montcalm
exhusted
In ______, the Seven Years War ended with the signing of the Treaty of ________. Nouvelle-France was now officially in the hands of the British.
1763
Paris
For First Nations people, this resulted in a major shift in their relationship with the European ________:
_ During the century and a half that the French and British had been battling for
control of North America, each First Nation made decisions to form ________
or remain _____, depending on what it believed was in its best interest. With the British in
control, First Nations lost their strategic ______ position
1763
alliances
neutral
Bargaining
