Nouns, Pronouns, & Adjectives Flashcards
What is a “Noun”?
A noun is a word for a thing, a place, a person, an animal, an action, or an idea.
How do you spot a Noun?
Is the word being used to describe a thing, such as an emotion, an event, a quality, an action, or a result of an action?
Also, try putting the word “a” or “the” before the potential pronoun. These words tell you that a noun is coming, eventually. Or, if you can place “a” or “the” before a word and it makes sense, then that word is a noun.
What are the 7 categories of Nouns?
Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, Compound Nouns, Collective Nouns, Actions, Qualities, Gerund
Qualties
Nouns that are made from adjectives. Some nouns are made from simpler words. “Cleanliness” and “fluidity” are made from adjectives “clean” and “fluid”.
What are Action Nouns and what do they represent?
Nouns that are made from verbs that represent an action or the results of actions.
Proper Nouns
Nouns that name specific items, sometimes are Uppercase.
Common Nouns
Nouns that do not specify items, and will be lowercase.
Compound Nouns
Nouns that contain more than one word. Some are hyphenated, others are wielded into one word. Two nouns in a row = first noun is usually modifying the second noun. First noun is adjective, second stays a noun.
Collective Nouns
Refers to groups composed of members (administration, just, society, army, etc.). Collective nouns are singular,
Gerunds
verbs ending in “-ing” that function as nouns (subjects).
Note to self: Know Singular vs. Plural
Study this later if needed.
What is a “Pronoun”?
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or noun phrase.
What are the 5 major categories of pronouns? (I need to be able to recognize all the different kinds of pronouns “as pronouns.”
Personal Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Indefinite Pronouns
What are Personal Pronouns, and the 3 subcategories?
Nouns that are used to refer to a person, or living thing. Subjective Pronoun, Object Pronoun, Possessive Pronoun.
What are Subjective Pronouns?
Subjective Pronouns are used as the subjects of sentences or clauses(set of words containing a subject and a verb). Perform actions, represented by verbs.
I, you, he, she, it we, they
What are Object Pronouns?
Object Pronouns serve as the object of a verb. Actions (represented by verbs) get done to them.
me, you, him, her, it, us you, them
What are Possessive Pronouns?
Possessive Pronouns indicate ownership.
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
What are Reflexive Pronouns?
Reflexive Pronouns are used to reflect back to a noun. Formed by adding -self to the end of possessive pronouns or adjectives. Use a reflexive pronoun when the person doing the action and the person receiving the action are the same. (He hit himself in the head).
myself, ourselves, itself etc…
What are Interrogative Pronouns?
Interrogative Pronouns are pronouns that are used to ask questions. Can also introduce modifiers.
who, whom, whose, which
What are Demonstrative Pronouns?
Demonstrative Pronouns are used to point out, or to demonstrate, a specific thing.
this, that, these, those
What are Indefinite Pronouns?
Indefinite Pronouns take the place of nouns, but do not refer to specific people, places, or things. Example, in a sentence, “All people” can be replace by “Everyone”, also, the verb is changed as well to match up.
Most indefinite pronouns are singular.
What is an Antecedent?
An Antecedent is the word or group of words that a pronoun refers to.
Not all pronouns have antecedents, what are the rules for this?
1) An indefinite pronoun such as “anyone” will not have an antecedent.
2) The pronoun “you” is often used without an antecedent, both in reference to a specific person and in reference to “the reader” or people in general.
In what circumstances does the pronoun “it” doesn’t need an antecedent, as in “It’s raining” or “It is hoped that taxpayers will use these refund checks to stimulate the economy.”
The word “it” is acting as a placeholder for a general state of being or idea, not a specific noun.
If you see “it” used in the same way as the pronoun is used in the sentence “It’s raining”, you don’t need to find an antecedent.
How to spot an antecedent in GMAT.
It is possible a pronoun occurs before the antecedent.
Sometimes, the pronoun “one” simply means…
“one of the things I just mentioned.”
The reflexive form of “one” is
“oneself”
Is the sentence correct or wrong, regarding its use of “one”.
“Of all the corporate ‘green’ policies, this is the one I find most disingenuous.”
Correct because “one” refers back to “policies” and means “one of the policies.”
Is the sentence correct or wrong, regarding its use of “one”.
“One will benefit immensely from increasing one’s verbal skills prior to taking the GMAT.”
Correct because “One” can also mean “everyone” or “everyone in a certain group” or “the average person”
Is the sentence correct or wrong, regarding its use of “one”.
“If you want to do well, you should do your homework.”
Correct because in many situations in which “one” is used, “you” would also work.
Is the sentence correct or wrong, regarding its use of “one”.
“One must be careful to account for all sources of income on your tax return.”
Incorrect because it is wrong to switch between “one” and “you”. “One” also doesn’t mix with nouns that require the pronouns “he”, “they”, etc.
Is the sentence correct or wrong, regarding its use of “one”.
“People who want to become politicians should keep one’s reputation spotless.”
Incorrect because just as you would normally refer back to “people” with “they” or “their” (as in “People should pay their taxes”), you must do the same here.
What are adjectives?
Adjectives describe or modify nouns or pronouns.
What are the categories of adjectives?
Proper Adjectives, Numbers (usually, but not always), Compound Adjectives, Possessive Adjectives
