Noun Flashcards
The driveway was covered with concrete PAVING.
paving /ˈpeɪvɪŋ/ the stones or material that are used to make a flat surface on the ground
He pushed against the rock with all his STRENGTH.
strength /streŋθ/ the quality of being physically strong
Let’s sit in the back ROW.
row /rəʊ/ a number of people standing or sitting next to each other in a line; a number of objects arranged in a line. a line of seats in a cinema/movie theater, etc.
The walls and CEILING were painted white.
ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ the top inside surface of a room
Remove dead leaves to encourage new GROWTH.
growth /ɡrəʊθ/ the process of growing physically, mentally or emotionally
St Patrick’s Day PARADE in New York
parade /pəˈreɪd/ a public celebration of a special day or event, usually with bands in the streets and decorated vehicles
Which SWITCH do I press to turn it off?
switch /swɪtʃ/ a small device that you press or move up and down in order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off
Police are investigating the THEFT of computers from the company’s offices.
theft /θeft/ theft (of something) the crime of stealing something from a person or place
We have to make a small CHARGE for refreshments.
charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ charge (for something) the amount of money that somebody asks for goods and services
There is no entrance FEE to the gallery.
fee /fiː/ an amount of money that you pay for professional advice or services
She never COMPLAINS, but she’s obviously exhausted.
complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/something. –‘How are you?’ ‘Oh, I can’t complain (= I’m all right).’
The SIGNAGE at this exit is very confusing.
signage /ˈsaɪnɪdʒ/ signs, especially ones that give instructions or directions to the public
The school pays for heating and the MAINTENANCE of the buildings.
maintenance /ˈmeɪntənəns/ the act of keeping something in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly –car maintenance
The storm didn’t do much DAMAGE.
damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable –I insist on paying for the damage.
The trip was cancelled through LACK of (= because there was not enough) interest.
lack /læk/ the state of not having something or not having enough of something –a lack of food/money/skills
children learning ADDITION and subtraction
addition /əˈdɪʃn/ the process of adding two or more numbers together to find their total. – an addition to the family (= another child)
The hotel offers a wide RANGE of facilities.
range /reɪndʒ/ a variety of things of a particular type –There is a full range of activities for children. –Most of the students are in the 17–20 age range.
a weather CHART.
chart /tʃɑːt/ a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams, lists of figures, etc. –to top the charts
Have you changed the SHEETS (= put clean sheets on the bed)?
sheet /ʃiːt/ a large piece of thin cloth used on a bed to lie on or lie under. –He slid between the sheets and closed his eyes. –a sheet of A4
He was nominated for the best actor AWARD.
award /əˈwɔːd/ a prize such as money, etc. for something that somebody has done. –an award presentation/ceremony
She is taking a DIPLOMA in management studies.
diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/ a course of study at a college or university. –a High School diploma
a TROPHY cabinet
trophy /ˈtrəʊfi/ an object such as a silver cup that is given as a prize for winning a competition
We paid for the car by/in INSTALMENTS.
instalment /ɪnˈstɔːlmənt/ one of a number of payments that are made regularly over a period of time until something has been paid for –The loan can be repaid in 24 monthly instalments.
bank LOANS with low interest rates
loan /ləʊn/ money that an organization such as a bank lends and somebody borrows. –It took three years to repay my student loan –a car loan
This is a big ISSUE; we need more time to think about it.
issue /ˈɪʃuː/ an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about –You’re just avoiding the issue.
a government INITIATIVE to combat unemployment
initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ a new plan for dealing with a particular problem or for achieving a particular purpose –You won’t get much help. You’ll have to use your initiative.
I’m glad you offered—it saved me the EMBARRASSMENT of having to ask.
embarrassment /ɪmˈbærəsmənt/ shy, awkward or guilty feelings; a feeling of being embarrassed. –I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that.
He made a rude GESTURE at the driver of the other car.
gesture /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ a movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning. –She finished what she had to say with a gesture of despair.
the exploitation of minerals and other natural RESOURCES.
resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ a supply of something that a country, an organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth. –We must make the most efficient use of the available financial resources.
a STRAW hat.
straw /strɔː/ stems of wheat or other grain plants that have been cut and dried. Straw is used for making mats, hats, etc., for packing things to protect them, and as food for animals or for them to sleep on. – I started refuing straws.
Now it´s filling space in my WARDROBE.
wardrobe /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ a large cupboard for hanging clothes in which is either a piece of furniture or (in British English) built into the wall –everything you need for your summer wardrobe
There has been a spate of ROBBERIES in the area recently.
robbery /ˈrɒbəri/ the crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop/store, person, etc., especially using violence or threats. –armed robbery (= using a gun, knife, etc.)
He held the knife to her THROAT.
throat /θrəʊt/ a passage in the neck through which food and air pass on their way into the body; the front part of the neck. –a sore throat
Some movies have been banned on the BASIS that they are too violent.
basis /ˈbeɪsɪs/ the reason why people take a particular action –She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
the CLIFF edge/top
cliff /klɪf/ a high area of rock with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or ocean –the cliff edge/top
The CHALK cliffs of southern England
chalk /tʃɔːk/ a type of soft white stone
Don’t put that glass so near the EDGE of the table.
edge /edʒ/ the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the centre. –He stood on the edge of the cliff. –I sat down at the water’s edge.
fighter/transport/military AIRCRAFT
aircraft /ˈeəkrɑːft/ any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengers.
To make THREATS against somebody.
threat /θret/ a statement in which you tell somebody that you will punish or harm them, especially if they do not do what you want. –crimes involving violence or the threat of violence
the Amazon RAINFOREST
rainforest /ˈreɪnfɒrɪst/ a thick forest in tropical parts of the world that have a lot of rain
Cut the meat into thin SLICES.
slice /slaɪs/ a thin flat piece of food that has been cut off a larger piece –a gin and tonic with a slice of lemon
The building is part of our national HERITAGE.
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ the history, traditions and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character –Spain’s rich cultural heritage
the commercial HUB of the city
hub /hʌb/ the central and most important part of a particular place or activity. –The kitchen was the hub of family life. –to be at the hub of things
We sat down in the SHADE of the wall.
shade /ʃeɪd/ an area that is dark and cool under or behind something, for example a tree or building, because the sun’s light does not get to it. – The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.
a PEARL necklace
pearl /pɜːl/ a small hard shiny white ball that forms inside the shell of an oyster and is of great value as a jewel –She was wearing her pearls (= a necklace of pearls).
He wrapped the package in brown paper and tied it with STRING.
string /strɪŋ/ material made of several threads twisted together, used for tying things together; a piece of string used to fasten or pull something or keep something in place –The key is hanging on a string by the door.
She held her little BUNDLE (= her baby) tightly in her arms.
bundle /ˈbʌndl/ a number of things tied or wrapped together; something that is wrapped up – bundle of ideas
I lent her my Bob Marley TAPES.
tape /teɪp/ a long narrow strip of magnetic material that is used for recording sounds, pictures or information
Follow the PATH through the woods.
path /pɑːθ/ a way or track that is built or is made by the action of people walking –to walk along a path
He died a slow and painful DEATH.
death /deθ/ the fact of somebody dying or being killed. – an increase in deaths from cancer – the anniversary of his wife’s death
She climbed the tree and hid in the BRANCHES.
branch /brɑːntʃ/ a part of a tree that grows out from the main stem and on which leaves, flowers and fruit grow.
Try adjusting your GRIP on the racket.
grip /ɡrɪp/ an act of holding somebody/something tightly; a particular way of doing this – Keep a tight grip on the rope.
The ROPE broke and she fell 50 metres onto the rocks.
rope /rəʊp/ very strong thick string made by twisting thinner strings, wires, etc. together. – We tied his hands together with rope.
We feared that an ADVANCE on the capital would soon follow.
advance /ədˈvɑːns/ the forward movement of a group of people, especially armed forces – enemy advances
a crown studded with GEMS.
gem /dʒem/ a precious stone that has been cut and polished and is used in jewellery. – This picture is the gem (= the best) of the collection. – She’s a real gem!
crown
crown /kraʊn/ an object in the shape of a circle, usually made of gold and precious stones, that a king or queen wears on his or her head on official occasions
a MASS of snow and rocks falling down the mountain
mass /mæs/ a large amount of a substance that does not have a definite shape or form – The sky was full of dark masses of clouds.
a muddy TRACK through the forest
track /træk/ a rough path or road, usually one that has not been built but that has been made by people walking there – We followed the bear’s tracks in the snow.
The car wheels got stuck in the MUD.
mud /mʌd/ wet earth that is soft and sticky – our boots are covered in mud.
The workers wear masks to avoid inhaling the DUST.
dust /dʌst/ a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand, earth, etc. – A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.
She nodded her HEAD in agreement.
head /hed/ the part of the body on top of the neck containing the eyes, nose, mouth and brain – The driver suffered head injuries.
