Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VPH > Notifiable diseases in UK > Flashcards

Notifiable diseases in UK Flashcards

1
Q

African horse sickness (AHS)

A

Reoviridae, Orbivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never occurred in UK

Spread by culicoides midges

Acute, cardiac, mixed forms, or horse fever sickness
Respiratory signs, fever, nasal discharge, facial swellings, heart failure

Protect horses from midges, EU has vaccines in case of emergency outbreak, protection zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

African swine fever (ASF)

A

Pigs

Asfarviridae (dsDNA virus)

Never in UK but spreading through EU

NOT ZOONOTIC

Spread by direct contact or eating infected material, ticks

Chronic, sub-acute, acute forms
Fever, off-food, vomiting, diarrhoea, darkening of skin, etc. Indistinguishable from CSF

Import controls, ban on swill feeding, controls on feral pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anthrax

A

Cattle and other mammals

Bacillus anthracis

ZOONOSIS

Acute and generally fatal

Last UK case in 2015

May have swellings in throat area

Suspected cases are tested - unexplained sudden deaths, movement restrictions, disposal of carcases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aujeszky’s disease (pseudorabies)

A

Pigs and other mammals

Porcine Herpes Virus 1 (dsDNA virus)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last UK case was 1989

Neonates: neurological signs, hind leg weakness. Weaned pigs: respiratory signs. Sows and gilts: abortion, stillbirth etc.

Pigs often recover, other animals do not

Serology of all adult breeding boars slaughtered

Whole herd slaughter, if not clinically ill can go for human consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Avian influenza

A

Poultry

Avian Influenza A virus (ssRNA)

ZOONOSIS (some strains)

Infection by direct contact with secretion

HPAI: sudden respiratory distress etc. LPAI: not always obvious disease

Biosecurity of all domestic birds, slaughter/killing of diseased, control zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans

A

New notifiable disease

Salamanders and newts

NOT ZOONOTIC

Fungus

Major threat to amphibian biodiversity

Present in UK, first detected in 2013

Can cause disease with no clinical signs in other amphibians

Multifocal superficial erosions and extensive epidermal ulceration all over the body

Those keeping amphibians should take biosecurity measures including prevention of animals to escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A

Prion

ZOONOTIC (vCJD in humans)

Present in UK

Caused by ingestion of infected materials

Surveillance of brainstem of fallen stock and emergency slaughter cattle older than 48months

Identification and disposal of Specified Risk Material. Feed ban on animal proteins . Culling of offspring and cohorts of confirmed cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bovine TB

A

Cattle and other mammals: deer, badgers, goats, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats

Mycobacterium bovis

ZOONOTIC

Endemic in UK, Scotland officially TB free

Progressive ill thrift, TB lesions, swollen LNs

Testing regimes, biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bluetongue

A

All ruminants and camelids

Orbivirus (mostly BTV-4 and BTV-8)

NOT ZOONOTIC

UK outbreak in 2007, not officially bluetongue free

Transmitted by culicoides midges

Sheep more severely affected, changes to MM

Biosecurity, vaccination before importing, movement restrictions, control zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)

A

Cattle

ZOONOTIC (undulant fever)

Abortion at 5 months to term, usually abort only once

Post import checks, investigation of abortions, biosecurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)

A

Sheep and goats

ZOONOTIC (Malta fever)

Last in UK in 1956, officially free

May be an abortion storm, fever, depression, mastitis etc. Chronically infected flocks may show few abortions or clinical signs

Import controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chronic wasting disease (CWD)

A

Deer

Prion

No evidence that it is ZOONOTIC, but may be

Progressive but general signs

On suspicion restrict movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classical Swine fever

A

Pigs

pestivirus (ssRNA virus)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Acute: constipation then diarrhoea, gummy eyes, coughing, nervous signs etc.

Strict import controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contagious agalactiae

A

Sheep and goats

Mycoplasma infection by M. agalactiae, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. putrefaciens, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides.

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never seen in UK

Signs more severe in goats. Fever, septicaemia, depression, anorexia and death, keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis. In females mastitis and abortion.

Likely movement restriction, slaughter, cleansing and disinfection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia

A

Goats

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Respiratory signs

Report suspicion to DEFRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia

A

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

NOT ZOONOSIS

Last occurred in UK in 1898

Initial signs often subclinical. Followed by fever, dry husky cough. Severe cases have rapid breathing, flank breathing, pain response on palpation of ribs

Isolate during investigation of respiratory signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contagious epididymitis (Brucella ovis)

A

Sheep and goats

NOT ZOONOSIS

Never seen in UK

Fever, depression, localises in epididymis, excretion in semen

Import controls, test rams blood before export

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)

A

Taylorella equigenitalis (CEM organism). Also caused by Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last UK case in Feb 2022, outbreak in 2021

Mares: Vulval discharge 1-6 days after infection at mating. Acute to chronic, carrier state with no signs of infection occurs.
Stallions and teasers: Usually passive carriers, no clinical signs of infection, bacteria may invade urethra and sex glands and contaminate semen.

Isolation notifiable

Biosecurity, swab testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Echinococcus multocularis

A

Foxes and other canids including domestic dogs

Parasitic disease tapeworm disease.

ZOONOSIS. Serious illness in humans.

Usually no signs in animals

Biosecurity. Tapeworm treatment

20
Q

Dourine

A

Horses and other members of equid family

Protozoan Trypanosoma equiperdum

NOT ZOONOSIS

Never in UK

Animals usually don’t show any clinical signs. Inflammation of external genital areas, skin lesions and paralysis

Biosecurity

21
Q

Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL)

A

Bovine Leukaemia Virus

NOT ZOONOTIC

UK got free status in 1999

Chronic ill health, progressive loss of condition, weakness, anaemia and anorexia. Tumour infiltration of various organs

At slaughterhouses all tumours in cattle except papilloma and haemangiomas are notifiable to Defra.

22
Q

Enzootic haemorrhagic virus disease

A

Deer and cattle and goats/ sheep

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Similar to bluetongue

23
Q

Epizootic lymphangitis

A

Horses and mules

fungus Histoplasma farciminosum

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last in UK in 1906

Eruptions on legs, head, neck or any part of the body. Lymph vessels in skin stand out, small hard nodules appear on these

Similar signs to Glanders, lab testing

24
Q

Equine infectious anaemia (EIA) - swamp fever

A

Horses

Lentivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last reported in UK in 2012

Often fatal

Post export testing - Coggins test

25
Q

Equine viral arteritis (EVA)

A

Horses and other equids

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last case in UK in 2019

Can cause abortion in pregnant animals. Other signs include fever, depression, lethargy, stiff movement, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, swelling of lower parts of legs, around eyes and of reproductive organs

Breeding restrictions on infected stallions, vaccination available in UK, pre-import blood sampling

26
Q

Equine viral encephalomyelitis

A

Horses and other equids

Japanese encephalitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus West Nile virus

ZOONOTIC

Never reported in UK

Transmission by mosquitos

Incubation period 1-3 weeks. Initially fever then depression and loss of appetite. Nervous signs include hypersensitivity, restlessness, apparent blindness, muscle twitching, animals appear to be asleep unable to hold their heads up. EEE is the most virulent with severe symptoms with case fatalities of up to 90%.

Biosecurity

27
Q

European bat lyssavirus

A

Bats

Rabies EBVL-2

ZOONOTIC

Seen in UK humans in 2018, and bats in 2021

Rabies tests on dead bats

28
Q

Foot and mouth disease

A

Although UK Gov website says that FMD does not affect humans’ some strains are ZOONOTIC

Last UK outbreak in 2007

Rarely fatal except for very young stock

Movement restrictions, slaughter policy, protection and surveillance zones

29
Q

Glanders and farcy

A

Horses

Burkholderia mallei

ZOONOTIC

Glanders: lesions in nostrils and submaxillary glands
Farcy: lesion on the skin

Eradicated from UK in 1928

mullein test or complement fixation test

30
Q

Goat plague (peste des petis ruminants)

A

Goats and sheep

Paramyxoviridaye family genus Morbilivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Fever, Eye and nasal discharge, Sores in mouth, Diarrhoea, Listlessness , Respiratory signs, Abortion, Death Mt up to 90%

Biosecurity, slaughter of infected animals, vaccines in Africa

31
Q

Lumpy skin disease

A

Cattle

Pox virus

NOT ZOONOTIC

High morbidity, low mortality

Slaughter policy

32
Q

Newcastle disease

A

Poultry

Avian Paramyxovirus type 1

NOT ZOONOTIC

Not currently in UK, last outbreak in 2006

Various signs, permanent nervous signs following disease

Slaughter policy

33
Q

Paramyxovirus of pigeons

A

Paramyxovirus of Pigeons Virus belonging to Newcastle disease group

NOT ZOONOTIC

Present in UK

Movement restrictions in confirmed, vaccination available

34
Q

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea

A

Pigs only

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus (Coronavirus)

NOT ZOONOTIC

Not present in UK, not notifiable in Wales

Biosecurity plan, slaughter policy

35
Q

Classical rabies

A

Dogs and other mammals

Rhabdovirus

ZOONOTIC

absent from land mammals in the UK, eradicated in 1922

Import legislation, post import checks, pet travel scheme, quarantine, vaccination

36
Q

Rift valley fever

A

Cattle, Sheep and Goats

Rift Valley Fever Virus. Phlebovirus in Bunyaviradae

ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Transmitted by mosquitoes

Import controls

37
Q

Rinderpest (cattle plague)

A

Eradicated worldwide in 2011

Morbillivirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last in UK in 1877

Fever, shivering, breathing rapid, watery or mucus discharge flows from the eyes and nostrils, later blood in discharge

Cattle plague order 1928

38
Q

Scrapie

A

Sheep and goats

Prion

NOT ZOONOTIC

Present in the UK

Two types: Classical ( animals 2-5 years age) and Atypical Scrapie ( older than 5 years ( little or not so contagious) Affected animals show signs of skin irritation, behavioural changes, changes in posture and gait. Later signs weight loss and death.

Biosecurity, national scrapie plan, compulsory monitoring scheme

39
Q

Sheep and goat pox

A

Pox virus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Eradicated in UK in 1866

40
Q

Surra

A

New disease

Camels, bovines, llamas, mules, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs and cats

Parasitic (Trypanosoma evansi)

NOT ZOONOTIC

In camels and horses often fatal . Can resemble rabies in dogs. Weight loss leg swelling chronic wasting disease in cattle. Abortion.

41
Q

Swine vesicular disease

A

Pigs

Enterovirus

NOT ZOONOTIC

Last in UK in 1982

Indistinguishable from FMD

Movement restrictions. Slaughter of infected and suspects

42
Q

Teschen disease (Porcine enterovirus encephalopathy)

A

Porcine enterovirus serotype 1

Never in UK

Movement restrictions, slaughter, cleansing

43
Q

Vesicular stomatitis

A

Cattle, pigs and horses, donkeys

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus. Arbovirus

Never in UK

Lab testing, movement restrictions, slaughter

44
Q

Warble fly (Scotland)

A

Cattle (also deer and horses)

Larvae of the warble flies Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum

NOT ZOONOTIC

Eradicated in UK in 1990

Large, soft, painful swellings up to 3mm diameter develop on back

Serological surveys

Compulsory treatment where suspected

45
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Horses

Flavivirus (Arbovirus)

ZOONOTIC

Never in UK

Spread by mosquitoes

Clinical signs include fever, encephalopathy with nervous signs and have a 35% mortality rate. Most birds show inapparent disease except corvids (crows) associated with mass die off. Other mammals may also be infected.

Surveillance on deaths of wild birds

Vector control

VPH (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions